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. 2023 Apr 19;15(4):e37856.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.37856. eCollection 2023 Apr.

The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Children in Amman, Jordan

Layali N Abbasi  1 , Tarek Mazzawi  1 , Lamees Abasi  2 , Sara Haj Ali  1 , Abdallah Alqudah  3 , Hasanen Al-Taiar  4
Affiliations

The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Children in Amman, Jordan

Layali N Abbasi et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Jordan and assess the potential risk factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 school children aged six to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of the Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. A p-value set at <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results ADHD prevalence based on parents' and teachers' perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates. Conclusion ADHD presents a major problem among primary school children in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of this disease require parents' and teachers' awareness and risk factor control.

Keywords: adhd; child psychiatry; conners; prevalence; schoolchildren.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Figure 1. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve
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