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. 2023 Jul;9(4):1495-1507.
doi: 10.1002/vms3.1091. Epub 2023 May 22.

Causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs in the United Kingdom: A retrospective study of 762 cases

Marina Martín-Ambrosio Francés  1   2 , Mayank Seth  1 , Mellora Sharman  1   3 , Danica Pollard  4 , Ana Liza Ortiz  5 , Rachel Miller  6   7 , Thomas Natsiopoulos  6 , David Walker  8 , Bryn Jones  8 , Joshua Hardwick  9   10 , Barbara Glanemann  11 , Andrés Salas Garcia  12   13 , Jessica Bacon  14 , Aida Gómez Selgas  1   3
Affiliations

Causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs in the United Kingdom: A retrospective study of 762 cases

Marina Martín-Ambrosio Francés et al. Vet Med Sci. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory abnormality in dogs, and numerous diseases have been associated with its development. Estimates for the sensitivity and specificity of the degree of reduction of platelet concentration for the diagnosis of primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (pITP) have not been reported.

Objectives: To report the prevalence of different causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs in the United Kingdom and to investigate the utility of platelet concentration to differentiate causes of thrombocytopenia.

Methods: Medical records of 762 dogs with thrombocytopenia presented to seven referral hospitals from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were assigned into the following categories: pITP, infectious diseases, neoplasia, inflammatory/other immune-mediated disorders and miscellaneous causes. The prevalence of the different categories was estimated, and platelet concentrations were compared. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the utility of platelet concentration to differentiate between causes of thrombocytopenia.

Results: The most common disease category associated with thrombocytopenia was neoplasia (27.3%), followed by miscellaneous causes (26.9%), pITP (18.8%), inflammatory/immune-mediated disorders (14.4%) and infectious diseases (12.6%). Dogs with pITP had significantly lower platelet concentrations (median 8 × 109 /L, range: 0-70 × 109 /L) than dogs in the other four categories. Platelet concentration was useful for distinguishing pITP from other causes of thrombocytopenia (area under ROC curve = 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.87, 0.92), with a platelet concentration ≤12 × 109 /L being 60% sensitive and 90% specific.

Conclusions: Severe thrombocytopenia was highly specific for a diagnosis of pITP, which was more prevalent in this UK population of thrombocytopenic dogs compared with previous epidemiological studies. Conversely, the proportion of dogs with infectious diseases was lower than in previous reports from other locations.

Keywords: United Kingdom; canine; platelets; prevalence; thrombocytopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant conflict of interest or arrangement with any company or organization.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Comparison of automated platelet concentration values across different disease category groups in 762 thrombocytopenic dogs seen at seven UK referral centres. Boxes represent medians and interquartile ranges; whiskers represent the range and individual points the outliers. The automated platelet concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in dogs with primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (pITP) compared to all other disease categories groups. IM, immune‐mediated.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Receiver‐operating characteristic curves of the five disease categories where the 762 thrombocytopenic dogs from seven UK referral centres where assigned. The cut‐off value for platelet concentrations selected as a predictor of the diagnosis of primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (pITP) (a) was 12 × 109/L which had a specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 60% (area under the ROC [AUROC] 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87–0.92). There was considerable overlap between the remainders of the groups (b–e) and were unable to identify a cut‐off point at which platelet concentrations could reliably guide the diagnosis. IM, immune‐mediated.
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