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Review
. 2023 May 6;11(2):18.
doi: 10.3390/proteomes11020018.

Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid

Shipan Fan  1 , Ansgar Poetsch  2
Affiliations
Review

Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid

Shipan Fan et al. Proteomes. .

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.

Keywords: body fluids; clinical application; extracellular vesicles; proteomics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Timeline of EV research [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,21].
Figure 2
Figure 2
The application of EVs derived from various body fluids (created with BioRender.com).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The last five years of omics research and applications for EVs (data from Web of Science, up to January 2023). (a) Statistical publications in omics studies for EVs. (b) Publications in selected clinical research areas using -omics for EVs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The workflow of collecting EVs of clinical biofluid for proteomics analysis (created with BioRender.com).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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