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. 2023 Jul;77(7):474-480.
doi: 10.1136/jech-2022-219891. Epub 2023 May 23.

Inequalities in the impact of having a chronic disease on entering permanent paid employment: a registry-based 10-year follow-up study

David van de Ven  1 , Suzan J W Robroek  1 , Alex Burdorf  1 , Merel Schuring  2
Affiliations

Inequalities in the impact of having a chronic disease on entering permanent paid employment: a registry-based 10-year follow-up study

David van de Ven et al. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate among unemployed persons (1) the impact of having a chronic disease on entering paid employment and obtaining a permanent contract and (2) whether these associations differed by educational attainment.

Methods: Register data from Statistics Netherlands on employment status, contract type, medication and sociodemographic characteristics were linked. Dutch unemployed persons between 18 and 64 years (n=667 002) were followed up for 10 years (2011-2020). Restricted mean survival time analyses (RMSTs) were used to investigate differences in average months until entering paid employment and until obtaining a permanent contract between persons with and without cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, diabetes, respiratory illness, common mental disorders and psychotic disorders. Interaction terms were included for education.

Results: One-third of the unemployed persons at baseline entered paid employment during follow-up. Persons with chronic diseases spent more months in non-employment compared with persons without chronic diseases (difference ranging from 2.50 months (95% CI 1.97 to 3.03 months) to 10.37 months (95% CI 9.98 to 10.77 months)), especially for persons with higher education. Conditional on entering paid employment, the time until a permanent contract was longer for persons with cardiovascular diseases (4.42 months, 95% CI 1.85 to 6.99 months), inflammatory conditions (4.80 months, 95% CI 2.02 to 7.59 months) and diabetes (8.32 months, 95% CI 4.26 to 12.37 months) than for persons without these diseases. These latter differences were similar across educational attainment.

Conclusions: Having a chronic disease is a barrier to entering permanent paid employment. The findings underline the need to prevent chronic diseases and promote an inclusive workforce.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; diabetes mellitus; employment; mental health; unemployment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

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