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. 2023 May 23;23(1):313.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03006-x.

Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures in northwest China: an 11-year retrospective study of 2240 patients

Jingjing Mao  1 , Xiaojie Li  2 , Kun Cao  3 , Jiawen Xue  1 , Min Wang  4 , Di Yan  5 , Zhongwei Zhou  6
Affiliations

Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures in northwest China: an 11-year retrospective study of 2240 patients

Jingjing Mao et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of maxillofacial fractures in northwestern China by retrospectively analysing the demographics, aetiologies, concomitant injuries, fracture sites, and management.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective analysis of 2240 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University was conducted. The extracted data included sex, age, aetiology, fracture site, concomitant injuries, time of treatment, therapeutic approaches and complications. Statistical analyses were performed, including descriptive analysis and the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact factors of maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The age of the included patients ranged from 1 to 85 years, and the mean age was 35.88 ± 15.69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.9:1. The most frequent aetiology of maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (RTAs) (56.3%), and the most common fracture sites were the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, arcus zygomaticus and mandibular body. A total of 1147 patients (51.2%) were affected by concomitant injuries, with craniocerebral injury being the most common. Logistic regression analyses revealed increased risks of mid-facial fractures in elderly individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 1.029, P < 0.001) and females (OR = 0.719, P = 0.005). Younger patients had a higher risk of mandibular fractures (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001). RTAs increased the risk for mid-facial fractures and high falls increased the risk for mandibular fractures.

Conclusions: The maxillofacial fracture pattern is correlated with sex, age and aetiology. Patients were mainly young and middle-aged males, and the main cause of injury was RTAs, mostly causing compound fractures. Medical staff must be systematically educated to comprehensively examine patients with injuries resulting from RTAs. The management of patients with fractures requires thorough consideration of the patient's age, aetiology, fracture site, and concomitant injuries.

Keywords: Aetiology; Epidemiology; Maxillofacial fracture; Retrospective study.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Age and sex distribution of patients
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Proportion of electric-powered bike injuries due to RTAs according to year
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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