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. 2023 May 23;23(1):318.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02992-2.

Non-invasive diagnostic potential of salivary miR-25-3p for periodontal disease and osteoporosis among a cohort of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Jing Ni  1 , Qiong Zhang  2 , Fei Lei  3
Affiliations

Non-invasive diagnostic potential of salivary miR-25-3p for periodontal disease and osteoporosis among a cohort of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Jing Ni et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Objective: Osteoporosis (OP) and periodontal disease (PD) are two common health issues that threaten the older population and potentially connected each other in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the development and progression of both OP and PD among elderly T2DM patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of miR-25-3p expression for the detection of OP and PD when compared to a mixed group of patients with T2DM.

Methods: The study recruited 45 T2DM patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and healthy periodontium, 40 type 2 diabetic osteoporosis patients coexistent with PD, 50 type 2 diabetic osteoporosis patients with healthy periodontium, and 52 periodontally healthy individuals. miRNA expression measurements in the saliva were determined by real-time PCR.

Results: The salivary expression of miR-25-3p was higher in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis patients than patients with T2DM only and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Among type 2 diabetic osteoporosis patients, those with PD exhibited a higher salivary expression of miR-25-3p than those with healthy periodontium (P < 0.05). Among type 2 diabetic patients with healthy periodontium, a higher salivary expression of miR-25-3p was noted in those with OP than those without (P < 0.05). We also found a higher salivary expression of miR-25-3p in T2DM patients than healthy individuals (P < 0.05). It was revealed that the salivary expression of miR-25-3p was increased as the T scores of BMD of patients were lowered, the PPD and CAL values of patients were enhanced. The salivary expression of miR-25-3p used as a test to predict a diagnosis of PD among type 2 diabetic osteoporosis patients, a diagnosis of OP among type 2 diabetic patients, and a diagnosis of T2DM among healthy individuals produced AUC of 0.859. 0.824, and 0.886, respectively.

Conclusion: The findings obtained from the study support salivary miR-25-3p confers non-invasive diagnostic potential for PD and OP among a cohort of elderly T2DM patients.

Keywords: Osteoporosis; Periodontal disease; Saliva; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; miR-25-3p.

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Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest is declared by the authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The salivary expressions of miR-25-3p among T2DM, T2DM/OP + PD, T2DM/OP, and normal groups were determined by real-time PCR. The one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for statistical analysis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Associations between salivary expression of miR-25-3p, BMD, and periodontal indicators. (A), miR-25-3p and T score of BMD. (B), miR-25-3p and PPD value. (C), miR-25-3p and CAL value
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The ROC method was used to evaluate the salivary expression of miR-25-3p in its ability to discriminate between type 2 diabetic osteoporosis patients coexistent with or without PD (A), between type 2 diabetic patients with or without osteoporosis (B), between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (C)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Putative target genes of miR-25-3p, disease target genes related to PD, OP, and T2DM. (A), 523 common genes targeted by miR-25-3p among the Starbase, TargetScan, and miRDB databases. (B), 1250 genes related to three of PD, OP, and T2DM by analyzing the GeneCards database. (C), 34 genes targeted by miR-25-3p and related to PD, OP, and T2DM together
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