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. 2023 Mar 31:62:e7.
doi: 10.6620/ZS.2023.62-07. eCollection 2023.

Lanternflies (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) of Taiwan

You-Sheng Lin  1 , Jhih-Rong Liao  2   3 , Shiuh-Feng Shiao  1 , Chiun-Cheng Ko #  1
Affiliations

Lanternflies (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) of Taiwan

You-Sheng Lin et al. Zool Stud. .

Abstract

The family Fulgoridae belongs to the order Hemiptera, superfamily Fulgoridea, with approximately 770 described species worldwide. Their extraordinary appearance attracts the attention of both entomologists and the public. In addition to the evolutionary issue of their special appearance, certain species are also considered notorious pests (e.g., Lycorma delicatula). Several issues widely exist in previous taxonomic studies of lanternflies: (1) application of uncertain morphological characters leads to synonymy or misidentification; (2) descriptions of male genitalia are incomplete; (3) information of nymphal morphology is insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive taxonomic study of Fulgoridae from Taiwan. In this study, eight species in six genera from Taiwan were reported, of which Limois westwoodii was recorded for the first time from Taiwan. Lycorma olivacea was proposed as a new junior synonym of L. meliae. The fifth-instar nymph of Saiva formosana was described for the first time. Detailed descriptions of these lanternflies and an identification key to adults of Fulgoridae from Taiwan were also included.

Keywords: Fulgorid; Male genitalia; New record; Nymph; Synonym.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Dichoptera similis Schumacher, 1915, adult female. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Dichoptera similis Schumacher, 1915, male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Dichoptera similis Schumacher, 1915, type specimens. A, Syntype. B, Labels. C, Syntype. D, Labels. E, Syntype. F, Labels. (SDEI, photographs from the program “Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries” by NMNS).
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Limois kikuchii Kato, 1932, adult male. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale). D, Frons (not to scale).
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Limois kikuchii Kato, 1932, male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
Diagnostic characters for Limois kikuchii and L. westwoodii. A–B, Dorso-posterior margin of 9th abdominal segment in lateral view. A, L. kikuchii. B, L. westwoodii. C–D, Apical margin of 10th abdominal segment in dorsal view. C, L. kikuchii. D, L. westwoodii. E–F, Genital styles in ventral view. E, L. kikuchii. F. L. westwoodii.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.
Limois westwoodii (Hope, 1843), adult male. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale). D, Frons (not to scale).
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.
Limois westwoodii (Hope, 1843), male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9.
Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929, adult. A–C, Blue female. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale). D, Red female.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 10.
Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929, male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 11.
Lycorma olivacea Kato, 1929 [new junior synonym of Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929], male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 12.
Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929, type specimens of the synonymized taxa. A–B, Holotype of Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929. A, Holotype. B, Labels. C–D, Holotype of Lycorma olivacea Kato, 1929. C, Holotype. D, Labels. (UMUT, photographs by M. Yago).
Fig. 13.
Fig. 13.
Diagnostic characters for Lycorma meliae and L. delicatula. A–B, Hindwings in dorsal view. A, L. meliae. B, L. delicatula. C–D, Apexes of phallobasal conjunctival processes in dorsal view. C, L. meliae. D, L. delicatula.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 14.
Penthicodes pulchella (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), adult female. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale).
Fig. 15.
Fig. 15.
Penthicodes pulchella (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 16.
Pyrops candelaria (Linnaeus, 1758), adult female. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale).
Fig. 17.
Fig. 17.
Pyrops candelaria (Linnaeus, 1758), male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 18.
Diagnostic characters for Pyrops candelaria and P. spinolae on their heads and thoraxes in dorsal view. A, P. candelaria. B, P. spinolae.
Fig. 19.
Fig. 19.
Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913), adult. A–C, Normal male. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale). D, Variant male.
Fig. 20.
Fig. 20.
Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913), male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 21.
Fig. 21.
Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913), type specimens of the synonymized taxon, Hotinus watanabei Matsumura, 1913. A. Lectotype. B–C. Labels of lectotype. D. Paralectotype. E. Labels of paralectotype. F. Paralectotype. G. Labels of paralectotype. (HUIC, photographs from the program “Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries” by NTU).
Fig. 22.
Fig. 22.
Saiva formosana Kato, 1929, adult. A–C, Red male. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale). D, Green female.
Fig. 23.
Fig. 23.
Saiva formosana Kato, 1929, male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.
Fig. 24.
Fig. 24.
Saiva formosana Kato, 1929, fifth-instar nymph. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale).
Fig. 25.
Fig. 25.
Saiva formosana Kato, 1929, type specimen. A, Holotype. B, Labels. (UMUT, photographs by M. Yago).
Fig. 26.
Fig. 26.
Diagnostic characters for Saiva formosana and S. gemmata. A–B, Heads and thoraxes in dorsal view. A, S. formosana. B, S. gemmata. C–E, Tegmina in dorsal view. C, S. formosana, red specimen. D, S. formosana, green specimen. E, S. gemmata. F–G, Apexes of ventral pair of lateral phallobasal lobes of male genitalia in ventral view. F, S. formosana. G, S. gemmata.
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