Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Jul;601(14):2801-2826.
doi: 10.1113/JP284289. Epub 2023 Jun 8.

Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Umut Rende  1 , Anna Guller  2 , Ewa M Goldys  1 , Carol Pollock  3 , Sonia Saad  3
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Umut Rende et al. J Physiol. 2023 Jul.
Free article

Abstract

Renal fibrosis is the final common pathophysiological pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of the underlying cause of kidney injury. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is considered to be the key pathological predictor of CKD progression. Currently, the gold-standard tool to identify TIF is kidney biopsy, an invasive method that carries risks. Non-invasive diagnostics rely on an estimation of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria to assess kidney function, but these fail to diagnose early CKD accurately or to predict progressive decline in kidney function. In this review, we summarize the current and emerging molecular biomarkers that have been studied in various clinical settings and in animal models of kidney disease and that are correlated with the degree of TIF. We examine the potential of these biomarkers to diagnose TIF non-invasively and to predict disease progression. We also examine the potential of new technologies and non-invasive diagnostic approaches in assessing TIF. Limitations of current and potential biomarkers are discussed and knowledge gaps identified.

Keywords: biomarkers; chronic kidney disease; non-invasive diagnostics; renal fibrosis; tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Aapro, M., Gascon, P., Patel, K., Rodgers, G. M., Fung, S., Arantes, L. H., Jr., & Wish, J. (2018). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease or cancer: A historical perspective. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 1498.
    1. Abe, H., Sakurai, A., Ono, H., Hayashi, S., Yoshimoto, S., Ochi, A., Ueda, S., Nishimura, K., Shibata, E., Tamaki, M., Kishi, F., Kishi, S., Murakami, T., Nagai, K., & Doi, T. (2018). Urinary exosomal mRNA of WT1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. Journal of Medical Investigation, 65(3.4), 208-215.
    1. Afkarian, M., Zelnick, L. R., Ruzinski, J., Kestenbaum, B., Himmelfarb, J., de Boer, I. H., & Mehrotra, R. (2015). Urine matrix metalloproteinase-7 and risk of kidney disease progression and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 29(8), 1024-1031.
    1. Annes, J. P., Munger, J. S., & Rifkin, D. B. (2003). Making sense of latent TGFbeta activation. Journal of Cell Science, 116(2), 217-224.
    1. Astor, B. C., Matsushita, K., Gansevoort, R. T., van der Velde, M., Woodward, M., Levey, A. S., Jong, P. E., Coresh, J., Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis, C., Astor, B. C., Matsushita, K., Gansevoort, R. T., van der Velde, M., Woodward, M., Levey, A. S., de Jong, P. E., Coresh, J., El-Nahas, M., Eckardt, K. U., … Manley, T. (2011). Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with mortality and end-stage renal disease. A collaborative meta-analysis of kidney disease population cohorts. Kidney International, 79(12), 1331-1340.

LinkOut - more resources