Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May;13(5):e12244.
doi: 10.1002/clt2.12244.

The minimal clinically important difference of app-based electronic patient-reported outcomes for hay fever

Ken Nagino  1   2   3 , Jaemyoung Sung  2   4 , Akie Midorikawa-Inomata  1 , Atsuko Eguchi  1 , Keiichi Fujimoto  2 , Yuichi Okumura  2   3 , Alan Yee  2   3 , Kenta Fujio  2   3 , Yasutsugu Akasaki  2   3 , Tianxiang Huang  2   3 , Maria Miura  2   3 , Shokirova Hurramhon  2 , Kunihiko Hirosawa  2   3 , Mizu Ohno  2   3 , Yuki Morooka  2   3 , Hiroyuki Kobayashi  1 , Takenori Inomata  1   2   3   5
Affiliations

The minimal clinically important difference of app-based electronic patient-reported outcomes for hay fever

Ken Nagino et al. Clin Transl Allergy. 2023 May.

Abstract

Background: Hay fever is a common allergic disease, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 14.4% and a variety of symptoms. This study assessed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of nasal symptom score (NSS), non-nasal symptom score (NNSS), and total symptoms score (TSS) for app-based hay-fever monitoring.

Methods: MCIDs were calculated based on the data from a previous large-scale, crowdsourced, cross-sectional study using AllerSearch, an in-house smartphone application. MCIDs were determined with anchor-based and distribution-based methods. The face scale score of the Japanese Allergic Conjunctival Disease Standard Quality of Life Questionnaire Domain III and the daily stress level due to hay fever were used as anchors for determining MCIDs. The MCID estimates were summarized as MCID ranges.

Results: A total of 7590 participants were included in the analysis (mean age: 35.3 years, 57.1% women). The anchor-based method produced a range of MCID values (median, interquartile range) for NSS (2.0, 1.5-2.1), NNSS (1.0, 0.9-1.2), and TSS (2.9, 2.4-3.3). The distribution-based method produced two MCIDs (based on half a standard deviation, based on a standard error of measurement) for NSS (2.0, 1.8), NNSS (1.3, 1.2), and TSS (3.0, 2.3). The final suggested MCID ranges for NSS, NNSS, and TSS were 1.8-2.1, 1.2-1.3, and 2.4-3.3, respectively.

Conclusions: MCID ranges for app-based hay-fever symptom assessment were obtained from the data collected through a smartphone application, AllerSearch. These estimates may be useful for monitoring the subjective symptoms of Japanese patients with hay fever through mobile platforms.

Keywords: hay fever; minimal clinically important difference; mobile health; patient-reported outcome measures; pollen allergy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The AllerSearch application was created using Apple's ResearchKit (Cupertino, CA, USA). Takenori Inomata, Yuichi Okumura, and Akie Midorikawa‐Inomata are the owners of InnoJin, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, which developed AllerSearch. Takenori Inomata report receiving grants from Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, SEED Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., and Kowa Company, Ltd., outside the submitted work, as well as personal fees from Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and InnoJin, Inc. Ken Nagino, Yuichi Okumura., and Akie Midorikawa‐Inomata received personal fees from InnoJin, Inc. outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Okuda M. Epidemiology of Japanese cedar pollinosis throughout Japan. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;91(3):288‐296. 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63532-6 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sakashita M, Hirota T, Harada M, et al. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and sensitization to common aeroallergens in a Japanese population. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010;151(3):255‐261. 10.1159/000242363 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mortimer K, Lesosky M, García‐Marcos L, et al. The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in adults in 17 countries: GAN phase I study. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(3):2102865. 10.1183/13993003.02865-2021 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Inomata T, Nakamura M, Iwagami M, et al. Individual characteristics and associated factors of hay fever: a large‐scale mHealth study using AllerSearch. Allergol Int. 2022;71(3):325‐334. 10.1016/j.alit.2021.12.004 - DOI - PubMed
    1. von Mutius E. The environmental predictors of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;105(1):9‐19. 10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90171-4 - DOI - PubMed