Environmental Exposure to Foods as a Risk Factor for Food Allergy

Abstract

Purpose of review: Many factors have been reported to contribute to the development of food allergy. Here, we summarize the role of environmental exposure to foods as a major risk factor for developing food allergy.

Recent findings: Peanut proteins are detectable and biologically active in household environments, where infants spend a majority of their time, providing an environmental source of allergen exposure. Recent evidence from clinical studies and mouse models suggests both the airway and skin are routes of exposure that lead to peanut sensitization. Environmental exposure to peanut has been clearly associated with the development of peanut allergy, although other factors such as genetic predisposition, microbial exposures, and timing of oral feeding of allergens also likely contribute. Future studies should more comprehensively assess the contributions of each of these factors for a variety of food allergens to provide more clear targets for prevention of food allergy.

Keywords: Airway sensitization; Cutaneous sensitization; Food allergy; Household dust; Peanut allergy.