Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May 1;12(5):27.
doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.5.27.

Identifying Content for an Item Bank to Measure the Quality-of-Life Impact of Myopia Refractive Interventions

Ryan E K Man  1   2 , Kodi J L Goh  1 , Ester P X Lee  1 , Joshua H X Lim  1 , Marcus Ang  1   2 , Quan V Hoang  1   2   3   4 , Chee Wai Wong  1   2 , Seang Mei Saw  1   2   5 , Eva K Fenwick  1   2 , Ecosse L Lamoureux  1   2   5   6
Affiliations

Identifying Content for an Item Bank to Measure the Quality-of-Life Impact of Myopia Refractive Interventions

Ryan E K Man et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol. .

Abstract

Purpose: To report on the content generation and item refinement phases for a myopia refractive intervention-specific quality-of-life (QoL) item bank that will be operationalized using computerized adaptive testing.

Methods: Myopia refractive intervention-specific QoL domains and items were generated from (1) a literature search of existing refractive-intervention QoL questionnaires; (2) semistructured interviews with myopic patients corrected using spectacles, contact lenses and/or refractive surgery (n = 32); (3) and myopia experts (n = 9) recruited from the Singapore National Eye Centre. After a thematic analysis, items were systematically refined and tested using cognitive interviews with 24 additional patients with corrected myopia.

Results: Of the 32 participants with myopia interviewed (mean ± standard deviation age, 35.6 ± 9.0 years; 71.9% female; 78.1% Chinese), 12 (37.5%) wore spectacles, 7 (21.9%) used contact lenses, and 20 (62.5%) had undergone laser refractive surgery. Initially, 912 items within 7 independent QoL domains were identified. After refinement, 204 items were retained, including those relating to mobility challenges and work-related difficulties that are not well-represented in current refractive intervention-specific questionnaires.

Conclusions: Through a rigorous item generation and selection process, we have developed a 204-item and 7-domain myopia refractive intervention-specific item bank that will now undergo rigorous psychometric testing to generate item calibrations for the validation of a novel computerized adaptive testing instrument designed for use in research and routine clinical practice.

Translational relevance: Once psychometrically validated and operationalized using computerized adaptive testing, this myopia refractive intervention-specific instrument will enable researchers and clinicians to quickly and comprehensively assess the impact of myopic refractive interventions across seven QoL domains.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: R.E.K. Man, None; K.J.L. Goh, None; E.P.X. Lee, None; J.H.X. Lim, None; M. Ang, None; Q.V. Hoang, None; C.W. Wong, None; S.M. Saw, None; E.K. Fenwick, None; E.L. Lamoureux, None

References

    1. Hirsch MJ. Relation of visual acuity to myopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1945; 34(5): 418–421. - PubMed
    1. Van Der Wees PJ, Nijhuis-Van Der Sanden MW, Ayanian JZ, Black N, Westert GP, Schneider EC.. Integrating the use of patient-reported outcomes for both clinical practice and performance measurement: views of experts from 3 countries. Milbank Q. 2014; 92(4): 754–775. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Solomon KD, Fernández de Castro LE, Sandoval HP, et al.. LASIK world literature review: quality of life and patient satisfaction. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116(4): 691–701, doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.12.037. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kandel H. Quality-of-life outcomes of long-term contact lens wear: a systematic review. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2022; 45(1): 101521, doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101521. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Baird PN, Saw S-M, Lanca C, et al.. Myopia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020; 6(1): 99, doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00231-4. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types