Direct medical costs of ischemic heart disease in urban Southern China: a 5-year retrospective analysis of an all-payer health claims database in Guangzhou City

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the direct medical costs and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses associated with inpatient and outpatient care for IHD, based on types of health insurance. Additionally, we sought to identify time trends and factors associated with these costs using an all-payer health claims database among urban patients with IHD in Guangzhou City, Southern China.

Methods: Data were collected from the Urban Employee-based Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and the Urban Resident-based Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) administrative claims databases in Guangzhou City from 2008 to 2012. Direct medical costs were estimated in the entire sample and by types of insurance separately. Extended Estimating Equations models were employed to identify the potential factors associated with the direct medical costs including inpatient and outpatient care and OOP expenses.

Results: The total sample included 58,357 patients with IHD. The average direct medical costs per patient were Chinese Yuan (CNY) 27,136.4 [US dollar (USD) 4,298.8] in 2012. The treatment and surgery fees were the largest contributor to direct medical costs (52.0%). The average direct medical costs of IHD patients insured by UEBMI were significantly higher than those insured by the URBMI [CNY 27,749.0 (USD 4,395.9) vs. CNY 21,057.7(USD 3,335.9), P < 0.05]. The direct medical costs and OOP expenses for all patients increased from 2008 to 2009, and then decreased during the period of 2009-2012. The time trends of direct medical costs between the UEBMI and URBMI patients were different during the period of 2008-2012. The regression analysis indicated that the UEBMI enrollees had higher direct medical costs (P < 0.001) but had lower OOP expenses (P < 0.001) than the URBMI enrollees. Male patients, patients having percutaneous coronary intervention operation and intensive care unit admission, patients treated in secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals, patients with the LOS of 15-30 days, 30 days and longer had significantly higher direct medical costs and OOP expenses (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions: The direct medical costs and OOP expenses for patients with IHD in China were found to be high and varied between two medical insurance schemes. The type of insurance was significantly associated with direct medical costs and OOP expenses of IHD.

Keywords: China; direct medical costs; health insurance; ischemic heart disease; out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses; time trends.

Figure 1

Composition of direct medical costs of ischemic heart disease patients. All costs were presented in 2012 Chinese Yuan (CNY). UEBMI, Urban Employee-based Basic Medical Insurance scheme; URBMI, Urban Resident-based Basic Medical Insurance scheme.

Figure 2

Time trends of direct medical costs of ischemic heart disease patients. All costs were reported on 2012 Chinese Yuan (CNY). UEBMI, Urban Employee-based Basic Medical Insurance; URBMI, Urban Resident-based Basic Medical Insurance.

Figure 3

Time trends of out-of-pocket expenses of ischemic heart disease patients. All costs were reported on 2012 Chinese Yuan (CNY). UEBMI, Urban Employee-based Basic Medical Insurance; URBMI, Urban Resident-based Basic Medical Insurance.