Unhealthy food consumption and its associated factors among infants and young children in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Many low- and middle-income countries are now shifting toward diets that are higher in added sugars, unhealthy fats, salt, and refined carbohydrates. Childhood obesity and chronic diseases have all been linked to unhealthy food consumption. Despite this, the majority of Ethiopian infants and children consume unhealthy food. There is also a scarcity of evidence. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of unhealthy food consumption and its associated factors among children ages 6-23 months in Gondar City, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 30 to July 21, 2022, in Gondar city. Multistage sampling was used to select 811 mother-child pairs. Food consumption was measured through a 24-hour recall. Data were entered into EpI Data 3.1 before being exported to STATA 14 for further analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with unhealthy food consumption. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength of the association, while a P-value of 0.05 was used to declare the significance of the association.

Results: The percentage of children with unhealthy food consumption was 63.7% (95% CI: 60.4%, 67.2%). Maternal education [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.05, 3.69], living in an urban residence [AOR = 4.55, 95% CI = 3.61, 7.78], GMP service [AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.18], age of the child 18-23 months [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.74], and family size of more than four [AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.78] were significantly associated with unhealthy food consumption.

Conclusion: In Gondar City, nearly two thirds of infants and children received unhealthy food. Maternal education, urban residence, GMP service, child age, and family size were all significant predictors of unhealthy food consumption. Thus, improving the uptake of GMP services and family planning services is critical to reducing unhealthy food consumption.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Gondar city; Infants and young children; Unhealthy food.