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. 2023 May 13;14(5):271.
doi: 10.3390/jfb14050271.

Fabrication of Biomedical Ti-Zr-Nb by Reducing Metal Oxides with Calcium Hydride

Sergey Yudin  1   2   3 , Ivan Alimov  1   2 , Sergey Volodko  1   4 , Alexander Gurianov  1   2 , Galina Markova  2 , Anatoly Kasimtsev  1   2 , Tatiana Sviridova  1   5 , Darya Permyakova  2 , Evgeny Evstratov  6 , Vladimir Cheverikin  7 , Dmitry Moskovskikh  4
Affiliations

Fabrication of Biomedical Ti-Zr-Nb by Reducing Metal Oxides with Calcium Hydride

Sergey Yudin et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

In the present study, a powder of Ti-18Zr-15Nb biomedical alloy with spongy morphology and with more than 95% vol. of β-Ti was obtained by reducing the constituent oxides with calcium hydride. The influence of the synthesis temperature, the exposure time, and the density of the charge (TiO2 + ZrO2 + Nb2O5 + CaH2) on the mechanism and kinetics of the calcium hydride synthesis of the Ti-18Zr-15Nb β-alloy was studied. Temperature and exposure time were established as crucial parameters with the help of regression analysis. Moreover, the correlation between the homogeneity of the powder obtained and the lattice microstrain of β-Ti is shown. As a result, temperatures above 1200 °C and an exposure time longer than 12 h are required to obtain a Ti-18Zr-15Nb powder with a single β-phase structure and uniformly distributed elements. The analysis of β-phase growth kinetics revealed that the formation of β-Ti occurs due to the solid-state diffusion interaction between Ti, Nb, and Zr under the calcium hydride reduction of TiO2 + ZrO2 + Nb2O5, and the spongy morphology of reduced α-Ti is inherited by the β-phase. Thus, the results obtained provide a promising approach for manufacturing biocompatible porous implants from β-Ti alloys that are believed to be attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Moreover, the current study develops and deepens the theory and practical aspects of the metallothermic synthesis of metallic materials and can be compelling to specialists in powder metallurgy.

Keywords: Ti-Zr-Nb; calcium hydride synthesis; reaction mechanism; solid-state diffusion; β-Ti alloy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Technological route of the fabrication of the Ti-18Zr-15Nb powder alloy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The phase composition of the Ti-18Zr-15Nb powder alloy after reduction at 900 °C (a,b) and 1000 °C (c,d) with pressing of the charge using different methods.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of exposure time on the phase composition and the lattice strain of β-phase of Ti-18Zr-15Nb powder synthesized at 1100 °C (a,c) and 1200 °C (b,d) with different charge density.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Results of EDS analysis of the powders (ρcharge = 1.4 g/cm3) synthesized under different modes: (a,b) 1200 °C, 12 h and (c) 1100 °C, 0 h.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The experimental data representation for powders obtained at 1200 °C: β-phase amount versus the square root of exposure time (a); relationship between degree of conversion a and exposure time (b,c).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The evolution of the powder morphology of the Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy (ρcharge = 1.4 g/cm3).
Figure 7
Figure 7
The volume fraction of β-Ti as a function of processing temperature and exposure time.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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