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. 2023 Apr;16(4):766-772.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.766-772. Epub 2023 Apr 14.

Causes of fetal death in the Flemish cattle herd in Brazil

Lucas Marian  1 , Jéssica Aline Withoeft  1 , Leonardo da Silva Costa  1 , Luiza Ramos Ribeiro  1 , Isadora Cristina Melo  1 , Raquel Silva Alves  2 , Letícia Ferreira Baumbach  2 , Maicon Gaissler Lorena Pinto  3 , Alessandra Snak  4 , Luiz Claudio Miletti  5 , Sandra Maria Ferraz  6 , Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte  6 , Cláudio Wageck Canal  2 , Renata Assis Casagrande  1
Affiliations

Causes of fetal death in the Flemish cattle herd in Brazil

Lucas Marian et al. Vet World. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Background and aim: Flemish cattle in Brazil are on the brink of extinction and are found only in one herd in Lages, Santa Catarina State. This study aimed to uncover the reasons for the recurring abortions in the Flemish cattle herd.

Materials and methods: Seventeen Flemish fetuses underwent postmortem examinations, with samples collected for histopathology and microbiology culture tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Neospora caninum, and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from 2015 to 2020.

Results: Of the 17 fetuses, N. caninum was the most common diagnosis and was found in 88% (15/17). One fetus (5.8%) had a coinfection with N. caninum and Citrobacter amalonaticus, leading to fibrinonecrotic pericarditis. All fetuses tested negative for BVDV by RT-PCR. Of the 107 dams tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay, 26 (25.2%) were anti-N. caninum seropositive, with 17 (65.4%) aborting and 5 (19.2%) having estrus repetition. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that 9 (8.4%) of the serum samples collected from dams tested positive, which tested follow-up test 3 months later, indicating a BVDV transient infection. The factors that contributed to neosporosis included dogs' access to pastures and improper disposal of fetal remains, which made it easier for dogs to consume them.

Conclusion: This study warns the occurrence of N. caninum as a cause of reproductive disorders that can lead to abortion in the studied Flemish cattle herd.

Keywords: abortion; endangered breeds; pathology; protozoan; reproductive disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
Flemish fetus infected by Neospora caninum. Skeletal muscle: Focal moderate lymphoplasmacytic myositis (×40, H and E).
Figure-2
Figure-2
Parasitic structure compatible with Neospora caninum cyst containing bradyzoites in Skeletal muscle (×40, H and E).
Figure-3
Figure-3
Flemish fetus with concomitant infection of Neospora caninum and Citrobacter amalonaticus. Heart and pericardial sac: Fibrinonecrotic, multifocal, marked pericarditis. Arrow: Deposition of fibrin filaments in the pericardium.
Figure-4
Figure-4
Causes of fetal mortality in a Flemish herd in Brazil. Purebred Flemish dams.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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