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Observational Study
. 2023 May 26;27(1):205.
doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04471-0.

Correlation between the VExUS score and right atrial pressure: a pilot prospective observational study

August Longino  1 , Katharine Martin  2 , Katarina Leyba  3 , Gabriel Siegel  4 , Edward Gill  5 , Ivor S Douglas  6 , Joseph Burke  7
Affiliations
Observational Study

Correlation between the VExUS score and right atrial pressure: a pilot prospective observational study

August Longino et al. Crit Care. .

Abstract

Venous congestion is an under-recognized contributor to mortality in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, venous congestion is difficult to measure, and right heart catheterization (RHC) has been considered the most readily available means for measuring venous filling pressure. Recently, a novel "Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS)" score was developed to noninvasively quantify venous congestion using inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and Doppler flow through the hepatic, portal, and renal veins. A preliminary retrospective study of post-cardiac surgery patients showed promising results, including a high positive-likelihood ratio of high VExUS grade for acute kidney injury. However, studies have not been reported in broader patient populations, and the relationship between VExUS and conventional measures of venous congestion is unknown. To address these gaps, we prospectively assessed the correlation of VExUS with right atrial pressure (RAP), with comparison to inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter. Patients undergoing RHC at Denver Health Medical Center underwent VExUS examination before their procedure. VExUS grades were assigned before RHC, blinding ultrasonographers to RHC outcomes. After controlling for age, sex, and common comorbidities, we observed a significant positive association between RAP and VExUS grade (P < 0.001, R2 = .68). VExUS had a favorable AUC for prediction of a RAP ≥ 12 mmHg (0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1) compared to IVC diameter (0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.92). These results suggest a strong correlation between VExUS and RAP in a diverse patient population, and support future studies of VExUS as a tool to assess venous congestion and guide management in a spectrum of critical illnesses.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have any competing interests or competing interests to report.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Violin plot of VExUS score and right atrial pressure (RAP). The width of the columns represents the proportion of data located there. Horizontal lines within columns demarcate data quartiles. Elevated VExUS grade appears to be associated with greater RAP
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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