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. 2023 May 10;12(10):1936.
doi: 10.3390/foods12101936.

Residue Analysis and Risk Exposure Assessment of Multiple Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry and Their Products from Markets

El-Sayed A El-Sheikh  1 , Dongyang Li  2   3 , Ibrahim Hamed  1 , Mohamed-Bassem Ashour  1 , Bruce D Hammock  3
Affiliations

Residue Analysis and Risk Exposure Assessment of Multiple Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry and Their Products from Markets

El-Sayed A El-Sheikh et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Pesticides are used on fruit and vegetable crops to obtain greater yield and quality. Residues can be detected in these crops or their products if applied pesticides do not degrade naturally. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate pesticide residues in some strawberry and tomato-based products available in the market for human consumption and associated dietary risks. Contamination with 3-15 pesticides in the tested samples was found. The total number of pesticides detected in the tested samples was 20, belonging to the group of insecticides (84%) and fungicides (16%). Pesticides of cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin appeared at 100% in a number of samples, where the most detected was cypermethrin followed by thiamethoxam. The average values of pesticide residues detected in the tested samples ranged from 0.006 to 0.568 mg kg-1, where it was found that cypermethrin had the highest residue value and appeared in strawberry jam obtained from the market. The recovery rate of pesticides from fortified samples with pyrethroids ranged from 47.5% (fenvalerate) to 127% (lambda-cyhalothrin). Home processing of fortified tomato and strawberry samples had a significant effect on reducing residues in tomato sauce and strawberry jam, where the reduction reached 100%. The results of acute and chronic risk assessment showed that their values were much lower than 100%, indicating minimal risk of dietary intake.

Keywords: dietary risks; jam; juice; multi-residues; sauce; strawberry; tomato.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The total number of the detected pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) in each sample type.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The number of detections for each pesticide classified according to groups (insecticides or fungicides), and the percentages of detection in all analysed tomato and strawberry samples and their products from the market.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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