Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 May 17;12(10):2036.
doi: 10.3390/foods12102036.

Bioactive Components and Their Activities from Different Parts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle for Food Development

Nastiti Nur Indriyani  1 , Jamaludin Al Anshori  1 , Nandang Permadi  2 , Sarifah Nurjanah  3 , Euis Julaeha  1
Affiliations
Review

Bioactive Components and Their Activities from Different Parts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle for Food Development

Nastiti Nur Indriyani et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Citrus aurantifolia is part of the Rutaceae family and belongs to the genus Citrus. It is widely used in food, the chemical industry, and pharmaceuticals because it has a unique flavor and odor. It is nutrient-rich and is beneficial as an antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insecticide. Secondary metabolites present in C. aurantifolia are what give rise to biological action. Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, limonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils are among the secondary metabolites/phytochemicals discovered in C. aurantifolia. Every portion of the plant's C. aurantifolia has a different composition of secondary metabolites. Environmental conditions such as light and temperature affect the oxidative stability of the secondary metabolites from C. aurantifolia. The oxidative stability has been increased by using microencapsulation. The advantages of microencapsulation are control of the release, solubilization, and protection of the bioactive component. Therefore, the chemical makeup and biological functions of the various plant components of C. aurantifolia must be investigated. The aim of this review is to discuss the bioactive components of C. aurantifolia such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic, limonoids, and alkaloids obtained from different parts of the plants and their biological activities such as being antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, an insecticide, and anti-inflammatory. In addition, various extraction techniques of the compounds out of different parts of the plant matrix as well as the microencapsulation of the bioactive components in food are also provided.

Keywords: Citrus aurantifolia; bioactivity; extraction; human health; phytochemical.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors reported no potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of the secondary metabolite extraction method. (A) Hydrodistillation (B) Soxhlation (C) Supercritical-CO2 extraction (D) Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structure of the main components in the essential oil of C. aurantifolia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The structure of the flavonoid compounds found in C. aurantifolia.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The structure of the terpenoid compounds found in C. aurantifolia.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The structure of the phenolic compounds found in C. aurantifolia.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structure of Limonin and Nomilin.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The structure of alkaloid compounds found in C. aurantifolia.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Biopolymers materials commonly used in food applications.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wang L., Wang J., Fang L., Zheng Z., Zhi D., Wang S., Li S., Ho C.T., Zhao H. Anticancer Activities of Citrus Peel Polymethoxyflavones Related to Angiogenesis and Others. BioMed Res. Int. 2014;2014:453972. doi: 10.1155/2014/453972. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mohammed R.M.O., Ayoub S.M.H. Study of Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts. Am. J. Anal. Chem. 2016;7:254–259. doi: 10.4236/ajac.2016.73022. - DOI
    1. Phucharoenrak P., Muangnoi C., Trachootham D. A Green Extraction Method to Achieve the Highest Yield of Limonin and Hesperidin from Lime Peel Powder (Citrus aurantifolia) Molecules. 2022;27:820. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030820. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Swandiny G.F., Nafisa S., Gangga E. Standardization of 70% Ethanol Extract and 96% Lime Leaves as Antioxidants with DPPH and FRAP. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2021;10:47–52.
    1. Patil J.R., Chidambara Murthy K.N., Jayaprakasha G.K., Chetti M.B., Patil B.S. Bioactive Compounds from Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Juice Induce Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009;57:10933–10942. doi: 10.1021/jf901718u. - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources