Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research

Andrew F Clark¹, Melissa Thomas^{1

2}, Adrian Buttazzoni^{1

2}, Matthew Adams³, Stephanie E Coen^{1

4}, Jamie Seabrook^{1

5}, Danielle Tobin^{1

2}, Trish Tucker^{1

6}, Jason Gilliland^{1

2

7

8

9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
² Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
³ Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
⁴ School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
⁵ School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁶ School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁷ Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
⁸ Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.
⁹ School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
¹¹ Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.

PMID: 37239600
PMCID: PMC10218046
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105874

Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research

Andrew F Clark et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023.

. 2023 May 19;20(10):5874.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph20105874.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
² Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
³ Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
⁴ School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
⁵ School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁶ School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁷ Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
⁸ Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.
⁹ School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
¹¹ Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.

PMID: 37239600
PMCID: PMC10218046
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105874

Abstract

A child's ability to participate in active school travel (AST) is complicated by several factors. Of particular note are parental controls, which are informed by their perceptions of the local built and social environments, assessments of their child's skills, and convenience preferences, among other considerations. However, there is currently a lack of AST-specific scales that include validated parental perception measures related to such notable barriers and enablers, or those that tend to frame their AST decision-making processes. Framed within the social-ecological model of health behaviour, the aims of the present paper were thus threefold, specifically to (1) outline and test the construct validity of measures delineating parental perceptions of barriers and enablers to AST, (2) evaluate the reliability and consistency of the developed measures, and (3) connect these measures to develop broader constructs for use in the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) questionnaire. To achieve these aims, a mixed-methods approach featuring cognitive interviews and surveys, along with qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (Cohen's Kappa, McDonald's Omega, and confirmatory factor analysis) analyses, was applied across two studies. The validation processes of the two studies resulted in the development of fifteen items comprising seven distinct constructs (barriers: AST Skills, Convenience, Road Safety, Social Safety, and Equipment Storage; enablers: Supportive Environment and Safe Environment) related to parental perceptions of AST. The developed PASTEB-P questionnaire can be used to inform and evaluate AST intervention programming and can be applied for AST research purposes.

Keywords: active school travel; children’s health; interventions; parental perceptions; physical activity; questionnaire; school travel planning; validation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research

Affiliations

Validating the Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers-Parent (PASTEB-P) Questionnaire to Support Intervention Programming and Research

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources