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Review
. 2023 May 11;13(5):813.
doi: 10.3390/jpm13050813.

Impact of Thyroid Cancer Treatment on Renal Function: A Relevant Issue to Be Addressed

Rossella Di Paola  1 , Ananya De  1 , Anna Capasso  2 , Sofia Giuliana  3 , Roberta Ranieri  3 , Carolina Ruosi  3 , Antonella Sciarra  4 , Caterina Vitagliano  3 , Alessandra F Perna  5 , Giovambattista Capasso  6 , Mariadelina Simeoni  5
Affiliations
Review

Impact of Thyroid Cancer Treatment on Renal Function: A Relevant Issue to Be Addressed

Rossella Di Paola et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

Thyroid cancers require complex and heterogeneous therapies with different impacts on renal function. In our systematic literature review, we analyzed several aspects: renal function assessment, the impact of radiotherapy and thyroid surgery on kidney functioning, and mechanisms of nephrotoxicity of different chemotherapy, targeted and immunologic drugs. Our study revealed that the renal impact of thyroid cancer therapy can be a limiting factor in all radiotherapy, surgery, and pharmacological approaches. It is advisable to conduct a careful nephrological follow-up imposing the application of body surface based estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) formulas for the purpose of an early diagnosis and treatment of renal failure, guaranteeing the therapy continuation to thyroid cancer patients.

Keywords: BRAF; BRAF inhibitors; NGAL; cisplatin; cystatin C; eGFR; immunotherapy; radioiodine; renal function biomarkers; thyroid cancer; thyroid hormones.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the literature selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Limits and strengths of renal function biomarkers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Physiological and-pathological cross-link between thyroid and kidney. Thyroid hormones directly influence various renal tubular functions. (a) Hypothyroidism is associated with hyponatremia (↓ renal Na+ reabsorption), hypercalciuria (↓ renal Ca2+ reabsorption), hyperphosphaturia (↓ renal PO42− reabsorption), hypomagnesuria (↑ renal Mg2+ reabsorption), and a tendency to distal tubular acidosis (↓ renal H+ excretion). (b) Hyperthyroidism is associated with sodium retention (↑ renal Na+ reabsorption), hypercalciuria (↓ renal Ca2+ reabsorption), hyperphosphaturia (↓ renal PO42− reabsorption), hypermagnesuria (↓ renal Mg2+ reabsorption) and distal tubular acidosis (↓ renal H+ excretion).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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