Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May 12;13(5):819.
doi: 10.3390/jpm13050819.

Five-to-Fifteen-Parental Perception of Developmental Profile from Age 5 to 8 Years in Children Born Very Preterm

Eeva Mäkilä  1   2 , Mikael O Ekblad  3 , Päivi Rautava  4 , Helena Lapinleimu  5 , Sirkku Setänen  1   5
Affiliations

Five-to-Fifteen-Parental Perception of Developmental Profile from Age 5 to 8 Years in Children Born Very Preterm

Eeva Mäkilä et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

Children born very preterm have increased risk of developmental difficulties. We examined the parental perception of developmental profile of children born very preterm at 5 and 8 years by using the parental questionnaire Five-to-Fifteen (FTF) compared to full-term controls. We also studied the correlation between these age points. The study included 168 and 164 children born very preterm (gestational age < 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g) and 151 and 131 full-term controls. The rate ratios (RR) were adjusted for sex and the father's educational level. At 5 and 8 years, children born very preterm were more likely to have higher scores (more difficulties) compared to controls in motor skills (RR = 2.3, CI 95% = 1.8-3.0 at 5 years and RR = 2.2, CI 95% = 1.7-2.9 at 8 years), executive function (1.7, 1.3-2.2 and 1.5, 1.2-2.0), perception (1.9, 1.4-2.5 and 1.9, 1.5-2.5), language (1.5, 1.1-1.9 and 2.2, 1.7-2.9), and social skills (1.4, 1.1-1.8 and 2.1, 1.6-2.7), and at 8 years in learning (1.9, 1.4-2.6) and memory (1.5, 1.2-2.0). There were moderate-to-strong correlations (r = 0.56-0.76, p < 0.001) in all domains between 5 and 8 years in children born very preterm. Our findings suggest that FTF might help to earlier identify children at the greatest risk of incurring developmental difficulties persisting to school-age.

Keywords: FTF; developmental assessment; parental questionnaire; prospective; very low birth weight (VLBW).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the study children born very preterm. FTF: Five-to-Fifteen questionnaire.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of the full-term control group. FTF: Five-to-Fifteen questionnaire.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Five-to-fifteen profile of the children born very preterm and the control group at 5 years.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Five-to-Fifteen profile of the children born very preterm and the control group at 8 years.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Liu L., Oza S., Hogan D., Chu Y., Perin J., Zhu J., Lawn J.E., Cousens S., Mathers C., Black R.E. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–15: An updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016;388:3027–3035. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31593-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stoll B.J., Hansen N.I., Bell E., Walsh M.C., Carlo W.A., Shankaran S., Laptook A.R., Sánchez P.J., Van Meurs K.P., Wyckoff M.H., et al. Trends in Care Practices, Morbidity, and Mortality of Extremely Preterm Neonates, 1993–2012. JAMA. 2015;314:1039–1051. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10244. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sellier E., Platt M.J., Andersen G.L., Krägeloh-Mann I., De La Cruz J., Cans C., Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy Network Decreasing prevalence in cerebral palsy: A multi-site European population-based study, 1980 to 2003. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 2016;58:85–92. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12865. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Arnaud C., Ehlinger V., Delobel-Ayoub M., Klapouszczak D., Perra O., Hensey O., Neubauer D., Hollódy K., Virella D., Rackauskaite G., et al. Trends in Prevalence and Severity of Pre/Perinatal Cerebral Palsy among Children Born Preterm from 2004 to 2010: A SCPE Collaboration Study. Front. Neurol. 2021;12:710. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624884. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Spittle A.J., Cameron K., Doyle L.W., Cheong J.L., Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group Motor Impairment Trends in Extremely Preterm Children: 1991–2005. Pediatrics. 2018;141:e20173410. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3410. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources