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Review
. 2023 May 11;59(5):929.
doi: 10.3390/medicina59050929.

Challenges in Local Allergic Rhinitis Diagnosis, Management, and Research: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

Mohamad Mahdi Mortada  1 , Marcin Kurowski  1
Affiliations
Review

Challenges in Local Allergic Rhinitis Diagnosis, Management, and Research: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

Mohamad Mahdi Mortada et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is diagnosed based on the presence of clinical symptoms such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching using negative skin prick testing and serum IgE assessment. Several novel studies have shown that it is possible to use the assessment of nasal sIgE (specific immunoglobulin E) secretion as an additional diagnostic criterion for local allergic rhinitis. Additionally, allergen immunotherapy is a promising-albeit still not fully assessed and evaluated-future method of managing patients with LAR. In this review, the historical background, epidemiology, and main pathophysiological mechanisms of LAR shall be presented. Additionally, we address the current state of knowledge based on selected articles regarding the assessment of the local mucosal IgE presence in response to exposure to such allergens as mites, pollen, molds, and others. The impact of LAR on quality of life as well as the possible options of management (including allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which showed promising results) will then be presented.

Keywords: allergen immunotherapy; immunoglobulin E (IgE); local allergic rhinitis; nasal allergen provocation test; nasal mucosa; nasal secretions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main checkpoints on the LAR research pathway (adapted from Beken et al. [9]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diagnostic algorithm of chronic rhinitis (adapted from Krzych-Fałta E et al. [10]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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