Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May 19;16(10):3842.
doi: 10.3390/ma16103842.

Measurement Methods of the Thermal Resistance of Materials Used in Clothing

Dubravko Rogale  1 , Snježana Firšt Rogale  1 , Željko Knezić  2 , Nikolina Jukl  1 , Goran Majstorović  3
Affiliations

Measurement Methods of the Thermal Resistance of Materials Used in Clothing

Dubravko Rogale et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper describes methods for evaluating the thermal properties of textile materials, clothing composites, and clothing using an integrated measurement system that includes a hot plate, a multi-purpose differential conductometer, a thermal manikin, a temperature gradient measurement device, and a device for measuring the physiological parameters of the human body during the exact evaluation of garment thermal comfort. In practice, measurements were taken on four types of materials widely used in the production of conventional and protective clothing. The measurements were carried out using a hot plate and a multi-purpose differential conductometer, determining the thermal resistance of the material both in its uncompressed form and when a force was applied that was ten times greater than that needed to determine its thickness. Using a hot plate and a multi-purpose differential conductometer, thermal resistances of textile materials were assessed at different levels of material compression. On hot plates, both conduction and convection had an impact on thermal resistance, but in the multi-purpose differential conductometer, only conduction did. Moreover, a reduction in thermal resistance was observed as a result of compressing textile materials.

Keywords: clothing; hot plate; multi-purpose differential conductometer; textiles; thermal resistance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Constituent elements of hot plate: (a) external appearance; (b) interior with point heaters, temperature sensors and microprocessor system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Thermal mannequin: (a) in climactic chamber with hot plate; (b) interior of thermal mannequin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multi-purpose differential conductometer: (a) schematic diagrams; (b) realized device.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The measurement of the temperature gradients in clothing.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Measurement system and method for assessing the physiological properties of the human body by accurately evaluating the thermal comfort of clothing using temperature (1) and humidity (2) sensors and pulse oximeters (3).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Microscopic images of integration materials: (a) front and back side of fleece material (M1); (b) cross-section of fleece material (M1); (c) front side of spacer material (M2); (d) back side spacer material (M2); (e) cross-section of spacer material (M2); (f) front and back side of lining material (M3); (g) cross-section of lining material (M3); (h) front and back side of double-faced, diamond-shaped quilted lining (M4); (i) cross-section of double-faced, diamond-shaped quilted lining (M4).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Measurement of the thermal resistance of the material: (a). on hot plate; (b) on multi-purpose differential conductometer in the initial state (F = 0.95 N) (b,c). in the compressed state (F = 9.5 N).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Su Y., Fan Y., Liu G., Tian M., Li J. A Review on Sustainable Method to Evaluate Heat and Moisture Transfer in Clothing Material. Sustainability. 2023;15:2747. doi: 10.3390/su15032747. - DOI
    1. Atalie D., Tesinova P., Tadesse M.G., Ferede E., Dulgheriu I., Loghin E. Thermo-Physiological Comfort Properties of Sportswear with Different Combination of Inner and Outer Layers. Materials. 2021;14:6863. doi: 10.3390/ma14226863. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Frydrych I., Cichocka A., Gilewicz P., Dominiak J. Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Insulation of Traditional and Newly Designed Protective Clothing for Foundry Workers. Polymers. 2016;8:348. doi: 10.3390/polym8100348. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. He H., Qin Y., Liu J., Wang Y., Wang J., Zhao Y., Zhu Z., Jiang Q., Wan Y., Qu Y., et al. A wearable self-powered firewarning e-textile enabled by aramid nanofibers/MXene/silver nanowires aerogel fiber for fire protection used in firefighting clothing. Chem. Eng. J. 2023;460:141–661.
    1. Cherunova I., Kornev N., Lukyanova E., Varavka V. Development and Study of the Structure and Properties of a Composite Textile Material with Encapsulated Heat-Preserving Components for Heat-Protective Clothing. Appl. Sci. 2021;11:5247. doi: 10.3390/app11115247. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources