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. 2023 May 10;15(10):2262.
doi: 10.3390/polym15102262.

Dynamic Magnetoelectric Effect of Soft Layered Composites with a Magnetic Elastomer

Liudmila A Makarova  1   2 , Iuliia A Alekhina  1   2 , Marat F Khairullin  1 , Rodion A Makarin  1 , Nikolai S Perov  1   2
Affiliations

Dynamic Magnetoelectric Effect of Soft Layered Composites with a Magnetic Elastomer

Liudmila A Makarova et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Multilayered magnetoelectric materials are of great interest for investigations due to their unique tuneable properties and giant values of magnetoelectric effect. The flexible layered structures consisting of soft components can reveal lower values of the resonant frequency for the dynamic magnetoelectric effect appearing in bending deformation mode. The double-layered structure based on the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride and a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) with carbonyl iron particles in a cantilever configuration was investigated in this work. The gradient AC magnetic field was applied to the structure, causing the bending of the sample due to the attraction acting on the magnetic component. The resonant enhancement of the magnetoelectric effect was observed. The main resonant frequency for the samples depended on the MAE properties, namely, their thickness and concentration of iron particles, and was 156-163 Hz for a 0.3 mm MAE layer and 50-72 Hz for a 3 mm MAE layer; the resonant frequency depended on bias DC magnetic field as well. The results obtained can extend the application area of these devices for energy harvesting.

Keywords: bending deformation; iron particles; layered structure; magnetoactive elastomer; magnetoelectric effect; multiferroic; piezopolymer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The cantilever configuration of the two-layered sample; the distance between the electromagnet and sample plane is fixed at 3 mm. The length of the free end of the sample is L. (b) The measurement configuration of the sample in the gradient AC magnetic field generated by the electromagnet and a uniform DC magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the sample plane.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The schematic presentation of the measurement setup with three microcontrollers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The frequency dependence of the voltage induced under the influence of an AC magnetic field with different amplitudes for the sample with a thin MAE layer and a 70 wt% IP concentration.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The frequency dependence of the voltage induced under the influence of an AC magnetic field with an amplitude of 132 Oe for different samples with (a) a thin MAE layer and (b) a thick MAE layer.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The frequency dependence of the MEE under the influence of the AC magnetic field with an amplitude of 110 Oe and with an applied uniform bias magnetic field of up to 800 Oe for the sample with a thin MAE layer and an 80 wt% IP concentration.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The dependence of (a) the voltage induced and (b) the main resonant frequency on the uniform DC magnetic field bias for the sample with a thin 0.3 mm MAE layer with different IP concentrations. The values of the fitting lines’ slope with errors and their R-square coefficients are presented in Supplementary Materials.
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