Plasma fatty acid profile in Italian Holstein-Friesian dairy cows supplemented with natural polyphenols from the olive plant Olea Europaea L

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing with natural functional feed on the plasma fatty acid profile of lactating Italian Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Thirty cows in mid-lactation received the natural olive extract PHENOFEED DRY (500 mg/cow/day) which mainly comprises hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and verbascoside. The total content of polyphenols and the antioxidant power of standard feed, enriched feed and pure extract was evaluated respectively by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assay, and a characterization in HPLC-UV (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet) of bioactive molecules present in the extract PHENOFEED DRY was performed. PHENOFEED DRY was provided for 60 days, and the plasma profile of fatty acids was determined by Gas Chromatography. The administration of enriched feed resulted in an increase in the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from 3:1 to 4:1 (p<0.001). This was not influenced by the calving order. The addition of polyphenols helped to keep monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated (SFA) levels constant and results in a significant increase in polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid after 15 days of administration. The Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio was in the optimal range. The findings show that inclusion of natural functional food such as plant polyphenols helps to maintain a healthy blood fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Dairy cows; Fatty acids; Functional feed; Holstein; Olea Europaea L. polyphenols.

Fig. 1

Chromatographic profile of PHENOFEED DRY Extract.

Fig. 2

Plasma fatty acids profile in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 f-up. Data are reported as mean ± SD. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). (SFA T0-T4 vs PUFA T0-T4 and Omega-3 T0,T1,T5; p<0.001***), (SFA T1,T2 vs MUFA T1,T4; p<0.01**), (SFA T5 vs MUFA T0-T5 and PUFA T0-T2 and Omega-3 T0-T5; p<0.001***), (MUFA T0-T5 vs PUFA T0-T5 and Omega-3 T0, T1 and Omega-6 T0-T5; p<0.001***), (PUFA T0 vs PUFA T2-T5; p<0.001***), (Omega-3 T0-T5 vs Omega-3 T2-T5 and Omega-6 T0-T5; p<0.001***).