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. 2023 May 25;89(1):33.
doi: 10.5334/aogh.4019. eCollection 2023.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pancreatic Cancer, 1990-2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Chengxia Kan  1   2 , Na Liu  1 , Kexin Zhang  1 , Di Wu  1 , Yunzi Liang  3 , Weiqin Cai  4 , Qi Jing  4 , Fang Han  3 , Shunjie Xing  5 , Xiaodong Sun  6   2
Affiliations

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pancreatic Cancer, 1990-2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Chengxia Kan et al. Ann Glob Health. .

Abstract

Aims: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with a strong invasive nature and low survival rate. We aimed to estimate the PC burden at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Detailed data, including the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were analyzed from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019.

Results: Globally, there were 530,297 (486,175-573,635) incident cases and 531,107 (491,948-566,537) deaths from PC in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 6.6 (6-7.1), and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.6 (6.1-7.1) per 100,000 person-years. PC caused 11,549,016 (10,777,405-12,338,912) DALYs, with an age-standardized rate of 139.6 (130.2-149.1) per 100,000 person-years. There were increases in estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIR (0.83; 0.78-0.87), ASMR (0.77; 0.73-0.81), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) (0.67; 0.63-0.71). The global number of incident cases increased by 168.7%, from 197,348 (188,604-203,971) to 530,297 (486,175-573,635); the number of deaths increased by 168.2% from 198,051 (189,329-204,763) to 531,107 (491,948-566,537); and total DALYs increased by 148.5% from 4,647,207 (4,465,440-4,812,129) to 11,549,016 (10,777,405-12,338,912). East Asia and China recorded the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs. The proportion of deaths was attributable to smoking (21.4%), elevated fasting glucose (9.1%), and high BMI (6%).

Conclusions: Our study updated the epidemiological trends and risk factors for PC. PC remains a major hazard to the sustainability of health systems worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate and mortality from 1990 to 2019. More targeted strategies are required to prevent and treat PC.

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer; Public health; incidence; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

Trends in pancreatic cancer cases and rates (1990-2019)
Figure 1
The number cases and ASRs of pancreatic cancer from 1990 to 2019. (A) The incidence, death and DALYs cases and rate of pancreatic cancer caused by global; (B) The incidence, death and DALYs cases and rate of pancreatic cancer caused by SDI regions; (C) The ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of pancreatic cancer. ASIR, Age-standardized incidence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR, age-standardized DALYs rate.
Global burden of pancreatic cancer (1990-2019) by country
Figure 2
The national burden of pancreatic cancer for both sexes in 204 countries and territories. (A) The ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of pancreatic cancer in 2019; (B) The relative change in incidence, deaths, and DALYs cases of pancreatic cancer between 1990 and 2019; (C) The EAPC of pancreatic cancer ADIR, ASMR, and ASDR from 1990 to 2019. ASIR, Age-standardized incidence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR, age-standardized DALYs rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Correlation between EAPC, pancreatic cancer ASIR and HDI
Figure 3
The correlation between EAPC and pancreatic cancer ASIR in 1990 and HDI in 2019. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; ASIR, Age-standardized incidence rate; HDI, human development index.
ASIR of pancreatic cancer in global and 21 regions
Figure 4
ASIR of pancreatic cancer in global and 21 regions by SDI, 1990–2019. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, sociodemographic index.
ASIR of pancreatic cancer in 204 countries by SDI
Figure 5
ASIR of pancreatic cancer in 204 countries by SDI, 1990–2019. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, sociodemographic index.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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