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Multicenter Study
. 2023 May 16:14:1167087.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1167087. eCollection 2023.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome and diabetes mellitus: a propensity-matched analysis of the International HOPE-II COVID-19 Registry

Mohammad Abumayyaleh  1   2 , Iván J Núñez Gil  3 , María C Viana-LLamas  4 , Sergio Raposeiras Roubin  5 , Rodolfo Romero  6 , Emilio Alfonso-Rodríguez  7 , Aitor Uribarri  8   9 , Gisela Feltes  10 , Víctor Manuel Becerra-Muñoz  11 , Francesco Santoro  12 , Martino Pepe  13 , Alex Fernando Castro Mejía  14 , Jaime Signes-Costa  15 , Adelina Gonzalez  16 , Francisco Marín  17 , Javier López-País  18 , Edoardo Manzone  19 , Olalla Vazquez Cancela  20 , Carolina Espejo Paeres  21 , Alvaro López Masjuan  22 , Lazar Velicki  23   24 , Christel Weiß  25 , David Chipayo  3 , Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz  3 , Ibrahim El-Battrawy  1   2   26 , Ibrahim Akin  1   2 ; HOPE COVID-19 investigators
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Post-COVID-19 syndrome and diabetes mellitus: a propensity-matched analysis of the International HOPE-II COVID-19 Registry

Mohammad Abumayyaleh et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent comorbidities in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with a higher rate of severe course of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, data about post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) in patients with DM are limited.

Methods: This multicenter, propensity score-matched study compared long-term follow-up data about cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and other symptoms in 8,719 patients with DM to those without DM. The 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) according to age and sex resulted in 1,548 matched pairs.

Results: Diabetics and nondiabetics had a mean age of 72.6 ± 12.7 years old. At follow-up, cardiovascular symptoms such as dyspnea and increased resting heart rate occurred less in patients with DM (13.2% vs. 16.4%; p = 0.01) than those without DM (2.8% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.05), respectively. The incidence of newly diagnosed arterial hypertension was slightly lower in DM patients as compared to non-DM patients (0.5% vs. 1.6%; p = 0.18). Abnormal spirometry was observed more in patients with DM than those without DM (18.8% vs. 13; p = 0.24). Paranoia was diagnosed more frequently in patients with DM than in non-DM patients at follow-up time (4% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.009). The incidence of newly diagnosed renal insufficiency was higher in patients suffering from DM as compared to patients without DM (4.8% vs. 2.6%; p = 0.09). The rate of readmission was comparable in patients with and without DM (19.7% vs. 18.3%; p = 0.61). The reinfection rate with COVID-19 was comparable in both groups (2.9% in diabetics vs. 2.3% in nondiabetics; p = 0.55). Long-term mortality was higher in DM patients than in non-DM patients (33.9% vs. 29.1%; p = 0.005).

Conclusions: The mortality rate was higher in patients with DM type II as compared to those without DM. Readmission and reinfection rates with COVID-19 were comparable in both groups. The incidence of cardiovascular symptoms was higher in patients without DM.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; diabetes mellitus; long-term mortality; post-COVID-19 syndrome; reinfection; respiratory complications; vaccination rate.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan–Meier curve for long-term mortality divided by diabetics vs. nondiabetics in the overall population and matched cohort. In both comparisons, a worse outcome in diabetics was detected.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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