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. 2023 May 12:11:1160841.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1160841. eCollection 2023.

Retrospective analysis on distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida in clinical samples: a study from Southern India

Umamaheshwari S  1 , M N Sumana  2
Affiliations

Retrospective analysis on distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida in clinical samples: a study from Southern India

Umamaheshwari S et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Candida is one of the rising primary causes of infections connected with health care. However, their distribution and susceptibility patterns vary widely amongst different regions.

Method: The study was carried out to retrospectively analyze the distribution of Candida in various clinical samples, their species types and susceptibility, in a tertiary care hospital, in India for 4 years using the Vitek-2 database.

Results: Candida infection was identified in 751 clinical samples, and the major source of infection was found to be urine samples accounting for about 58.32%. A total of 18 different Candida species were recorded. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) 73.64% (n = 553) predominated Candida albicans 26.36% (n = 198). Candida tropicalis was found to be identified at a higher frequency followed by C. albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis. Candida tropicalis was the only species which were recovered from bile; Candida pelliculosa was recorded merely from blood and Candida lipolytica from urine and blood and not in any other samples. In vaginal swabs, C. albicans accounted for 63.64% (n = 14) compared to NAC 36.36% (n = 8). The susceptibility test revealed that 75.44% (n = 559) isolates were susceptible and 24.56% (n = 182) were resistant to one or more drugs tested. Major resistance was exhibited to flucytosine by C. tropicalis 77.46% (n = 55) compared to C. albicans 11.27% (n = 8). Apart from C. albicans, NAC-C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and Candida krusei showed resistance to echinocandins, and Candida haemulonii to amphotericin-B.

Conclusion: The knowledge of the incidence, resistance and emergence of different species might guide clinicians to select an appropriate antifungal therapy and plan effective strategies to control invasive and systemic Candida infections.

Keywords: Candida albicans; antifungal susceptibility; non-albicans Candida; retrospective-analysis; species distribution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Isolation of Candida year wise.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of Candida albicans and non albicans Candida species year wise.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Candida species (recovered >1%) from different clinical specimens.
Figure 4
Figure 4
No. of drug resistant isolates of Candida albicans and non albicans Candida year wise.
Figure 5
Figure 5
No. of drug resistant isolates of Candida albicans and non albicans Candida.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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