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. 2023 Apr 17:11:1138428.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138428. eCollection 2023.

Trends and disparities in disease burden of age-related macular degeneration from 1990 to 2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019

Bo Jiang  1 , Chun Jiang  1 , Jianqing Li  1 , Peirong Lu  1
Affiliations

Trends and disparities in disease burden of age-related macular degeneration from 1990 to 2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019

Bo Jiang et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the trends and disparities in the worldwide burden for health of AMD, overall and by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), region, and nation using prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019.

Methods: This retrospective study presents the prevalent AMD cases and YLDs from 1990-2019, as well as the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) of AMD. To measure changes over time, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of the age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed globally, then studied further by sex, SDI, region, and nation. We included data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to examine AMD prevalence and YLDs from 1990-2019 in 204 countries and territories, as well as demographic information such as age, sex, SDI, region, and nation.

Results: Globally, the number of prevalent AMD cases increased from 3,581,329.17 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3,025,619.4-4,188,835.7) in 1990 to 7,792,530 (95% UI, 6,526,081.5-9,159,394.9) in 2019, and the number of YLDs increased from 296,771.93 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 205,462.8-418,699.82) in 1990 to 564,055.1 (95% UI, 392,930.7-789,194.64) in 2019. The ASPR of AMD had a decreased trend with an EAPC of -0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.2 to -0.11) from 1990 to 2019, and the ASYR of AMD showed a decreased trend with an EAPC of -0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.78 to -0.65) during this period. The prevalence and YLDs of AMD in adults over 50 years of age showed a significant increase. The prevalence and YLDs of AMD were significantly higher in females than males, overall. The ASPRs and ASYRs in low SDI regions was greater than in high SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. In addition, increases in prevalence and YLDs differed by regions and nations, as well as level of socio-economic development.

Conclusion: The number of prevalent cases and YLDs due to AMD increased over 30 years and were directly linked to age, sex, socio-economic status, and geographic location. These findings can not only guide public health work but also provide an epidemiological basis for global strategy formulation regarding this global health challenge.

Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; disparities; global burden of disease study; prevalence; trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in global burden of the prevalence and YLDs of AMD from 1990 to 2019. (A) The number of cases and age-standardized prevalence rates of AMD from 1990 to 2019. (B) The number of YLDs and age-standardized YLD rates of AMD from 1990 to 2019. Red and blue dashed line indicates the upper and lower limits of the 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) for females and males, respectively. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; UI, uncertainty interval; YLDs, years lived with disability.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Global burden of the prevalence and YLDs of AMD by age and sex in 1990 and 2019. (A) The number of cases and crude prevalence rates of AMD in 1990. (B) The number of cases and crude prevalence rates of AMD in 2019. (C) The number of YLDs and crude YLD rates of AMD in 1990. (D) The number of YLDs and crude YLD rates of AMD in 2019. Red and blue dashed line indicates the upper and lower limits of the 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) for females and males, respectively. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; UI, uncertainty interval; YLDs, years lived with disability.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Global burden of the prevalence and YLDs of AMD by SDI. (A) The black line represents the average expected relationship between SDIs and age-standardized prevalence rates for AMD based on values from 204 countries and territories in 2019. (B) The black line represents the average expected relationship between SDIs and age-standardized YLD rates for AMD based on values from 204 countries and territories in 2019. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; SDI, socio-demographic index; YLDs, years lived with disability.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Global burden of the prevalence and YLDs of AMD in 204 countries and territories. (A) The growth rates of AMD cases from 1990 to 2019. (B) The growth rates of AMD YLDs from 1990 to 2019. (C) The ASPR of AMD in 2019. (D) The ASYR of AMD in 2019. (E) The EAPC of ASPR for AMD from 1990 to 2019. (F) The EAPC of ASYR for AMD from 1990 to 2019. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; ASR, age-standardized rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; YLDs, years lived with disability.
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