"It's Not a Sprint, It's a Marathon": Stages of Managing a Nursing Home Throughout the Pandemic

Abstract

Objectives: To qualitatively examine the impact of COVID-19 on nursing homes over the course of the pandemic from the perspective of nursing home administrators.

Design: In-depth, semi-structured interviews with nursing home administrators, repeated 3 months apart for a total of 4 each from July 2020 through December 2021.

Settings and participants: Administrators from a total of 40 nursing homes from 8 health care markets across the United States.

Methods: Interviews were conducted virtually or via phone. The research team identified overarching themes using applied thematic analysis, and iteratively coded transcribed interviews.

Results: Nursing home administrators across the United States reported challenges of managing nursing homes during a pandemic. We found their experiences could generally be categorized into 4 stages, not necessarily coinciding with surge levels of the virus. The initial stage was characterized by fear and confusion. The second stage, by a "new normal," a term administrators used to report feeling better prepared for an outbreak and how residents, staff, and families began to adjust to life with COVID. Administrators started using the phrase "a light at the end of the tunnel" to describe the third stage, characterized by the hope associated with the availability of vaccinations. The fourth stage was marked by "caregiver fatigue" as nursing homes experienced numerous breakthrough cases. Some challenges, like staffing issues and uncertainty about the future, were reported throughout the pandemic, as was a continued mission to keep residents safe.

Conclusions and implications: As the ability of nursing homes to provide safe, effective care faces unprecedented and continued challenges, the insights reported here from longitudinal perspectives of nursing home administrators may help policy makers develop solutions to encourage high-quality care. Knowing how the needs for resources and support vary across the progression of these stages has the potential to be helpful in addressing these challenges.

Keywords: COVID-19; Qualitative research; skilled nursing facilities.