Predicting the presence of tinnitus using ecological momentary assessments

Abstract

Mobile applications have gained popularity in healthcare in recent years. These applications are an increasingly important pillar of public health care, as they open up new possibilities for data collection and can lead to new insights into various diseases and disorders thanks to modern data analysis approaches. In this context, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a commonly used research method that aims to assess phenomena with a focus on ecological validity and to help both the user and the researcher observe these phenomena over time. One phenomenon that benefits from this capability is the chronic condition tinnitus. TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) is an EMA-based mobile crowdsensing platform designed to provide more insight into tinnitus by repeatedly assessing various dimensions of tinnitus, including perception (i.e., perceived presence). Because the presence of tinnitus is the dimension that is of great importance to chronic tinnitus patients and changes over time in many tinnitus patients, we seek to predict the presence of tinnitus based on the not directly related dimensions of mood, stress level, arousal, and concentration level that are captured in TYT. In this work, we analyzed a dataset of 45,935 responses to a harmonized EMA questionnaire using different machine learning techniques. In addition, we considered five different subgroups after consultation with clinicians to further validate our results. Finally, we were able to predict the presence of tinnitus with an accuracy of up to 78% and an AUC of up to 85.7%.

Figure 1

10-folds ROC curve, AUC MLP.

Figure 2

Number of EMA-D questionnaires per unique user. Users with less than 11 submitted questionnaires are omitted. Normal Users submitted 11–399 questionnaires and Power Users 400 or more questionnaires.

Figure 3

Data Preparation process.

Figure 4

Downsampling process.