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. 2023 Jul;27(7):1445-1453.
doi: 10.1007/s11605-023-05719-4. Epub 2023 Jun 2.

Autologous Fat Grafting: an Emerging Treatment Option for Complex Anal Fistulas

Estella Y Huang  1 , Beiqun Zhao  1 , Jason Llaneras  2 , Shanglei Liu  1 , Sarah B Stringfield  3 , Benjamin Abbadessa  1 , Nicole E Lopez  1 , Sonia L Ramamoorthy  1 , Lisa A Parry  1 , Amanda A Gosman  2 , Marek Dobke  2 , Samuel Eisenstein  4
Affiliations

Autologous Fat Grafting: an Emerging Treatment Option for Complex Anal Fistulas

Estella Y Huang et al. J Gastrointest Surg. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Autologous fat grafting (AFG) has shown promise in the treatment of complex wounds, with trials reporting good healing rates and safety profile. We aim to investigate the role of AFG in managing complex anorectal fistulas.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained IRB-approved database. We examined the rates of symptom improvement, clinical closure of fistula tracts, recurrence, complications, and worsening fecal incontinence. Perianal disease activity index (PDAI) was obtained for patients undergoing combination of AFG and fistula plug treatment.

Results: In total, 52 unique patients underwent 81 procedures, of which Crohn's was present in 34 (65.4%) patients. The majority of patients previously underwent more common treatments such as endorectal advancement flap or ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract. Fat-harvesting sites and processing technique were selected by the plastic surgeons based on availability of trunk fat deposits. When analyzing patients by their last procedure, 41 (80.4%) experienced symptom improvement, and 29 (64.4%) experienced clinical closure of all fistula tracts. Recurrence rate was 40.4%, and complication rate was 15.4% (7 postoperative abscesses requiring I&D and 1 bleeding episode ligated at bedside). The abdomen was the most common site of lipoaspirate harvest at 63%, but extremities were occasionally used. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes when comparing single graft treatment to multiple treatments, Crohn's and non-Crohn's, different methods of fat preparation, and diversion.

Conclusion: AFG is a versatile procedure that can be done in conjunction with other therapies and does not interfere with future treatments if recurrence occurs. It is a promising and affordable method to safely address complex fistulas.

Keywords: Anorectal; Autologous fat grafting; Fistula.

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Conflict of interest statement

Drs. Estella Y Huang, Beiqun Zhao, Jason Llaneras, Shanglei Liu, Sarah B Stringfield, Benjamin Abbadessa, Nicole E Lopez, Lisa A Parry, Amanda Gosman, and Marek Dobke have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Dr. Sonia L Ramamoorthy is a consultant for Arthrex, Intuitive, and Medtronic. Dr. Samuel Eisenstein is a consultant for Ethicon Surgical Robotics and Takeda.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pre- and post-PDAI scores for patients who received combination of autologous fat grafting and fistula plug treatment
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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