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. 2023 Jun 7:151:e100.
doi: 10.1017/S0950268823000742.

A scoping review of factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter species infections in humans

Christine M Neustaedter  1   2   3 , Kelsey Robertson  1   2   3 , Dana Tschritter  1   2   3   4 , Richard J Reid-Smith  3   4   5 , Melissa C MacKinnon  4   5 , Colleen P Murphy  3   4 , Brennan Chapman  4   5 , Norman F Neumann  1   3 , Simon J G Otto  1   2   3   6
Affiliations

A scoping review of factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter species infections in humans

Christine M Neustaedter et al. Epidemiol Infect. .

Abstract

Human infection with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter species is an important public health concern due to the potentially increased severity of illness and risk of death. Our objective was to synthesise the knowledge of factors associated with human infections with antimicrobial-resistant strains of Campylobacter. This scoping review followed systematic methods, including a protocol developed a priori. Comprehensive literature searches were developed in consultation with a research librarian and performed in five primary and three grey literature databases. Criteria for inclusion were analytical and English-language publications investigating human infections with an antimicrobial-resistant (macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and/or quinolones) Campylobacter that reported factors potentially linked with the infection. The primary and secondary screening were completed by two independent reviewers using Distiller SR®. The search identified 8,527 unique articles and included 27 articles in the review. Factors were broadly categorised into animal contact, prior antimicrobial use, participant characteristics, food consumption and handling, travel, underlying health conditions, and water consumption/exposure. Important factors linked to an increased risk of infection with a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain included foreign travel and prior antimicrobial use. Identifying consistent risk factors was challenging due to the heterogeneity of results, inconsistent analysis, and the lack of data in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the need for future research.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Campylobacter; antimicrobial drugs; food-borne infections; risk factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA scoping review flow diagram of the study selection process for the scoping review of human infections with an antimicrobial-resistant strain of Campylobacter species.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Animal contact factors identified in studies included in the scoping review for human infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains compared to infection with susceptible strains, limited to studies reporting odds ratios. Note: CSSSC, Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Collaborators; F, fluoroquinolone-resistant outcome; MVA, multivariable analysis result; Q, quinolone-resistant outcome; UVA, univariable analysis result
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Prior antimicrobial use as factors identified in studies included in the scoping review for human infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains compared to infection with susceptible strains, limited to studies reporting odds ratios. Note: F, fluoroquinolone-resistant outcome; MVA, multivariable analysis result; Q, quinolone-resistant outcome; UVA, univariable analysis result; UVA*, results from a study that only conducted univariable analysis.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Food consumption (a) and preparation (b) factors identified in studies included in the scoping review for human infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains compared to infection with susceptible strains, limited to studies reporting odds ratios. Note: CSSSC, Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Collaborators; F, fluoroquinolone-resistant outcome; MVA, multivariable analysis result; UVA, univariable analysis result.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Travel factors identified in studies included in the scoping review for human infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains compared to infection with susceptible strains, limited to studies reporting odds ratios. Note: CSSSC, Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Collaborators; F, fluoroquinolone-resistant outcome; MVA, multivariable analysis result; Q, quinolone-resistant outcome; UVA, univariable analysis result; UVA*, results from a study that only conducted a univariable analysis.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Key data extracted for drinking water-related (a) and swimming (b) factors identified in studies included in the scoping review for human infections with an antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains compared to infection with susceptible strains, limited to studies reporting odds ratios. Note: CSSSC, Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Collaborators; F, fluoroquinolone-resistant outcome; MVA, multivariable analysis result; Q, quinolone-resistant outcome; UVA, univariable analysis result; UVA*, results from a study that only conducted a univariable analysis.
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