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. 2023 Oct;36(5):1713-1726.
doi: 10.1111/jhn.13184. Epub 2023 Jun 7.

Factors associated with diet quality among Brazilian individuals with cardiovascular diseases

Luciana Brito  1 , Viviane Sahade  2 , Bernardete Weber  3 , Ângela Cristine Bersch-Ferreira  4 , Aline Marcadenti  5 , Camila Torreglosa  4 , Cristiane Kovacs  6 , Annie Seixas Bello Moreira  7 , Rosileide de Souza Torres  8 , Helyde Marinho  9 , Cristina Matos  10 , Renata Abib  11 , Gabriela Correa Souza  12 , Gabriela da Silva Shirmann  13 , Francisca Eugenia Zaina Nagano  14 , Maria Estela Monserrat Ramos  15 , Soraia Poloni  16 , Raquel Milani El Kik  17 , Nauale Hassan Feres  18 , Eliane Said Dutra  19 , Ana Paula Perillo Ferreira Carvalho  20 , Marta Marques David  21 , Isa Galvão  22 , Antonio Carlos Sobral Sousa  23 , Clenise de Farias Dantas  24 , Amanda Gonçalves  24 , Josilene Maria Ferreira Pinheiro  25 , Sandra Mary Lima Vasconcelos  26 , Andreza Penafort  27 , Daniele Maria de Oliveira Carlos  28 , Adriana Luna  29 , José Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto  30 , Luciana Dias  31 , Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi  32 , Neide Bruscato  32 , Maria Cristina Izar  33 , Sonia Lopes  34 , Luciano Marcelo Backes  35 , Josefina Bressan  36 , Simone Raimondi  37 , Magali Kumbier  38 , Carla Daltro  39
Affiliations

Factors associated with diet quality among Brazilian individuals with cardiovascular diseases

Luciana Brito et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Background: An individual's dietary pattern contributes in different ways to the prevention and control of recurrent cardiovascular events. However, the quality of the diet is influenced by several factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of the diet of individuals with cardiovascular diseases and determine whether there is an association between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with individuals with atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arterial disease) recruited from 35 reference centres for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in Brazil. Diet quality was assessed according to the Modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI) and stratified into tertiles. For comparing two groups, the Mann-Whitney or Pearson's chi-squared tests were used. However, for comparing three or more groups, analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis was used. For the confounding analysis, a multinomial regression model was used. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: In total, 2360 individuals were evaluated: 58.5% male and 64.2% elderly. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of the mAHEI was 24.0 (20.0-30.0), ranging from 0.4 to 56.0 points. When comparing the odds ratios (ORs) for the low (first tertile) and medium (second tertile) diet quality groups with the high-quality group (third tertile), it was observed that there was an association between diet quality with a family income of 1.885 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.302-2.729) and 1.566 (95% CI = 1.097-2.235), as well as physical activity of 1.391 (95% CI = 1.107-1.749) and 1.346 (95% CI = 1.086-1.667), respectively. In addition, associations were observed between diet quality and region of residence.

Conclusions: A low-quality diet was associated with family income, sedentarism and geographical area. These data are extremely relevant to assist in coping with cardiovascular disease because they enable an assessment of the distribution of these factors in different regions of the country.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; diet patterns; diet quality; modified alternative healthy eating index.

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References

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