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Review
. 2023 Jun 1;31(2):174-185.
doi: 10.53854/liim-3102-5. eCollection 2023.

Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV)

Aroop Mohanty  1 , Ranjana Rohilla  2 , Kamran Zaman  3 , Vivek Hada  1 , Surakchhya Dhakal  4 , Abhishek Shah  5 , Bijaya Kumar Padhi  6 , Zahra Haleem Al-Qaim  7 , Kauthar Jaffar A Altawfiq  8 , Raghavendra Tirupathi  9 , Ranjit Sah  10   11   12 , Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq  13   14   15
Affiliations
Review

Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV)

Aroop Mohanty et al. Infez Med. .

Abstract

Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus, a member of a large group of enteroviruses. Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) stem from mutated live poliovirus, which is contained in the Oral Polio Virus vaccine (OPV). In addition, the emergence of VDPV is one of the global challenges for the eradication of poliomyelitis. VDPVs continue to affect different parts of the world; 1081 cases occurred in 2020 and 682 cases in 2021. There are several reasons that may have caused the increase in circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) after the "switch" from the trivalent to the bivalent oral polio vaccine. One reason is the low vaccination rate among the targeted population, which has been further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several strategies could control the spread of VDPV including the use of the monovalent OPV (mOPV-2). The risk of VDPV can be minimized through increased immunization rates and the use of safer vaccine alternatives. The global effort to eradicate polio has made significant progress over the years, but continued vigilance and investment in immunization programs are needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a polio-free world.

Keywords: Poliovirus; vaccine derivative poliovirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest None to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Showing the Trends of the WPV cases and cVDPV cases from 2009 onwards [66]. Source: AFP Polio data. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx [Accessed 26th April 2023]. AFR: African Region; AMR: Regions of the America; EMR: Eastern Mediterranean Region; EUR: European; SEA: South East Asia; cVDPV: circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus; WPV: Wild Poliovirus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Global prevalence of cVDVP2 cases from year 2018–2022 [41]. Source: cVDPV2 Outbreaks and the Type 2 Novel Oral Polio Vaccine (nOPV2) https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/GPEI-nOPV2-Factsheet-EN-20221011.pdf
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of cases of cVDPV 2 isolated in patients with Acute Flaccid Paralysis from 2020–2023 [66]. Source: AFP Polio data. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx AFR: African Region; AMR: Regions of the America; EMR: Eastern Mediterranean Region; EUR: European; SEA: South East Asia; cVDPV: circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus; WPV: Wild Poliovirus.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Distribution of cases of cVDPV 1 & 3 isolated in patients with Acute Flaccid Paralysis from 2020–2023 [66]. Source: AFP Polio data. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of cVDPV 2 isolated from environmental samples during the surveillance related activities from 2020–2023 [41]. Source: Circulating vaccine derived polio. https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/. Accessed on 8th May 23.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Countries (in yellow) with detection of genetically linked cVDVP-2 [5]. Source: (https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON408).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Percentage of Children (1 year-old) who received three doses of Polio-vaccine. Source: Polio (Pol3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/polio-(pol3)-immunization-coverage-among-1-year-olds-(-)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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