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Review
. 2023 May 23:10:1130625.
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1130625. eCollection 2023.

DPP-4 inhibitors for treating T2DM - hype or hope? an analysis based on the current literature

Kunika Saini  1 , Smriti Sharma  1 , Yousuf Khan  1
Affiliations
Review

DPP-4 inhibitors for treating T2DM - hype or hope? an analysis based on the current literature

Kunika Saini et al. Front Mol Biosci. .

Abstract

DPP-4 inhibition is an interesting line of therapy for treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and is based on promoting the incretin effect. Here, the authors have presented a brief appraisal of DPP-4 inhibitors, their modes of action, and the clinical efficiency of currently available drugs based on DPP-4 inhibitors. The safety profiles as well as future directions including their potential application in improving COVID-19 patient outcomes have also been discussed in detail. This review also highlights the existing queries and evidence gaps in DPP-4 inhibitor research. Authors have concluded that the excitement surrounding DPP-4 inhibitors is justified because in addition to controlling blood glucose level, they are good at managing risk factors associated with diabetes.

Keywords: (GLP)-1; DPP-4 enzyme; DPP-4 inhibitors; T2DM; incretin effect; insulin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic diagram to show relation between incretins and DPP-4 inhibitors; By I. Karonen under CCA-SA (Karonen, 2007).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
DPP-4 function and mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors’ action; under CCA-SA; taken from (Makrilakis, 2019).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Advantages of DPP-4 inhibitors in clinical practice.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
(Metzler et al., 2008): Ribbon representation of the structure of the symmetric DPP-4 homodimer. “α/β hydrolase domain and the β-propeller domain of each monomer unit are coloured in two shades of pink and green respectively (PDB ID 1r9m). The inset shows a closeup of the DPP-4 active site (corresponding to the right half) of the DPP-4 homodimer. The catalytic triad (Ser630, His740 and Asp708) is shown in orange and the anchoring Glu motif (Glu205/Glu206) in cyan”.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
The key interactions between the ligand and DPP-4 complex (Meduru et al., 2016).
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Structural diversity in DPP-4 inhibitors.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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