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Review
. 2023 Jun 9;132(12):1663-1673.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.322000. Epub 2023 Jun 8.

Molecular Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Disease: Risk Assessment in Young Individuals

Usman A Tahir  1 , Robert E Gerszten  1
Affiliations
Review

Molecular Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Disease: Risk Assessment in Young Individuals

Usman A Tahir et al. Circ Res. .

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite progress in prevention and treatment, recent trends show a stalling in the reduction of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, paralleled by increasing rates of cardiometabolic disease risk factors in young adults, underscoring the importance of risk assessments in this population. This review highlights the evidence for molecular biomarkers for early risk assessment in young individuals. We examine the utility of traditional biomarkers in young individuals and discuss novel, nontraditional biomarkers specific to pathways contributing to early cardiometabolic disease risk. Additionally, we explore emerging omic technologies and analytical approaches that could enhance risk assessment for cardiometabolic disease.

Keywords: biomarkers; cardiovascular disease; death; morbidity; mortality; young adult.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures None.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Molecular biomarkers for risk assessment in cardiometabolic disease (CMB) across the lifespan.
BCAA indicates branch chain amino acid; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RBP4, retinol-binding protein-4; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; and VCAM, vascular adhesion molecule.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Future directions for discovery of biomarkers and tools for risk assessment in young individuals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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