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. 2023 May 26;130(21):211002.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.211002.

Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

M Aguilar  1 L Ali Cavasonza  2 B Alpat  3 G Ambrosi  3 L Arruda  4 N Attig  5 C Bagwell  6 F Barao  4 L Barrin  7 A Bartoloni  8 S Başeğmez-du Pree  9 R Battiston  10   11 N Belyaev  6 J Berdugo  1 B Bertucci  3   12 V Bindi  13 K Bollweg  14 J Bolster  6 M Borchiellini  9 B Borgia  8   15 M J Boschini  16 M Bourquin  17 E F Bueno  9 J Burger  6 W J Burger  10 X D Cai  6 M Capell  6 J Casaus  1 G Castellini  18 F Cervelli  19 Y H Chang  20 G M Chen  21   22 G R Chen  23 H Chen  24 H S Chen  21   22 Y Chen  17   23 L Cheng  23 H Y Chou  20 S Chouridou  2 V Choutko  6 C H Chung  2 C Clark  6   14 G Coignet  25 C Consolandi  13 A Contin  26   27 C Corti  13 Z Cui  28   23 K Dadzie  6 A Dass  10   11 C Delgado  1 S Della Torre  16 M B Demirköz  29 L Derome  30 S Di Falco  19 V Di Felice  31 C Díaz  1 F Dimiccoli  10 P von Doetinchem  13 F Dong  32 F Donnini  3 M Duranti  3 A Egorov  6 A Eline  6 F Faldi  3   12 J Feng  33 E Fiandrini  3   12 P Fisher  6 V Formato  31 C Gámez  1 R J García-López  34 C Gargiulo  7 H Gast  2 M Gervasi  16   35 F Giovacchini  1 D M Gómez-Coral  13 J Gong  32 C Goy  25 V Grabski  36 D Grandi  16   35 M Graziani  3   12 A N Guracho  8 S Haino  20 K C Han  37 R K Hashmani  29 Z H He  33 B Heber  38 T H Hsieh  6 J Y Hu  21   22 B W Huang  24 M Incagli  19 W Y Jang  39 Yi Jia  6 H Jinchi  37 G Karagöz  29 B Khiali  31 G N Kim  39 Th Kirn  2 O Kounina  6 A Kounine  6 V Koutsenko  6 D Krasnopevtsev  6 A Kuhlman  13 A Kulemzin  6 G La Vacca  16   35 E Laudi  7 G Laurenti  26 G LaVecchia  6 I Lazzizzera  10   11 H T Lee  40 S C Lee  20 H L Li  23 J Q Li  32 M Li  2   17 M Li  28 Q Li  32 Q Li  28 Q Y Li  23 S Li  2 S L Li  21   22 J H Li  28 Z H Li  21   22 J Liang  28 M J Liang  21   22 C H Lin  20 T Lippert  5 J H Liu  41 S Q Lu  20 Y S Lu  21 K Luebelsmeyer  2 J Z Luo  32 S D Luo  24 Xi Luo  23 F Machate  2 C Mañá  1 J Marín  1 J Marquardt  38 T Martin  6   14 G Martínez  1 N Masi  26 D Maurin  30 T Medvedeva  6 A Menchaca-Rocha  36 Q Meng  32 V V Mikhailov  42 M Molero  34 P Mott  6   14 L Mussolin  3   12 J Negrete  13 N Nikonov  13 F Nozzoli  10 J Ocampo-Peleteiro  1 A Oliva  26 M Orcinha  4 M A Ottupara  23 M Palermo  13 F Palmonari  26   27 M Paniccia  17 A Pashnin  6 M Pauluzzi  3   12 S Pensotti  16   35 V Plyaskin  6 S Poluianov  43 X Qin  6 Z Y Qu  23 L Quadrani  26   27 P G Rancoita  16 D Rapin  17 A Reina Conde  26 E Robyn  17 L Romaneehsen  38 A Rozhkov  6 D Rozza  16 R Sagdeev  44 S Schael  2 A Schultz von Dratzig  2 G Schwering  2 E S Seo  45 B S Shan  46 T Siedenburg  2 J W Song  28 X J Song  23 R Sonnabend  2 L Strigari  8 T Su  23 Q Sun  28 Z T Sun  21   22 M Tacconi  16   35 X W Tang  21 Z C Tang  21 J Tian  31 Y Tian  24 Samuel C C Ting  6   7 S M Ting  6 N Tomassetti  3   12 J Torsti  47 T Urban  6   14 I Usoskin  43 V Vagelli  3   48 R Vainio  47 M Valencia-Otero  49 E Valente  8   15 E Valtonen  47 M Vázquez Acosta  34 M Vecchi  9 M Velasco  1 J P Vialle  25 C X Wang  28 L Wang  41 L Q Wang  28 N H Wang  28 Q L Wang  41 S Wang  13 X Wang  6 Yu Wang  28 Z M Wang  23 J Wei  17   23 Z L Weng  6 H Wu  32 Y Wu  23 J N Xiao  24 R Q Xiong  32 X Z Xiong  24 W Xu  28   23 Q Yan  6 H T Yang  21   22 Y Yang  50 I I Yashin  42 A Yelland  6 H Yi  32 Y H You  21   22 Y M Yu  6 Z Q Yu  21 M Zannoni  16   35 C Zhang  21 F Zhang  21 F Z Zhang  21   22 J Zhang  28 J H Zhang  32 Z Zhang  6 F Zhao  21   22 C Zheng  23 Z M Zheng  46 H L Zhuang  21 V Zhukov  2 A Zichichi  26   27 P Zuccon  10   11 AMS Collaboration
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Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

M Aguilar et al. Phys Rev Lett. .
Free article

Abstract

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×10^{6} sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.

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