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Review
. 2023 Jun 5;24(11):9765.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24119765.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as a Nutrigenomic Factor in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Prominent Impact on Health

Iga Bartel  1 , Magdalena Koszarska  1 , Nina Strzałkowska  1 , Nikolay T Tzvetkov  2 , Dongdong Wang  3 , Jarosław O Horbańczuk  1 , Agnieszka Wierzbicka  1 , Atanas G Atanasov  1   4 , Artur Jóźwik  1
Affiliations
Review

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as a Nutrigenomic Factor in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Prominent Impact on Health

Iga Bartel et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for a global health problem. It is a complex disease as a result of the combination of environmental as well as genetic factors. Morbidity is still increasing across the world. One of the possibilities for the prevention and mitigation of the negative consequences of type 2 diabetes is a nutritional diet rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. This review is focused on cyanidin-3-O-glucosidase (C3G), which belongs to the anthocyanins subclass, and its anti-diabetic properties. There are numerous pieces of evidence that C3G exerts positive effects on diabetic parameters, including in vitro and in vivo studies. It is involved in alleviating inflammation, reducing blood glucose, controlling postprandial hyperglycemia, and gene expression related to the development of T2D. C3G is one of the beneficial polyphenolic compounds that may help to overcome the public health problems associated with T2D.

Keywords: anthocyanins; bioactive compounds; civilization diseases; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; nutrigenomics; polyphenols; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of polyphenols [63,64].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of major anthocyanins.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scheme of the mechanism of metabolism and bioavailability of C3G.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bioactivities of C3G on diabetes. C3G improves diabetes probably through deceasing glucose [78], triglycerides [79], free fatty acid [80], and glycerol levels [81]. The further molecular mechanism of these effects may be related to the absorption of disaccharides, ROS in the mitochondria [82,83], β-cell death [84], insulin/IGF2 [85], and AMPK activity [86].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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