Cinnamon Oil-Loaded Nanoliposomes with Potent Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities

Abstract

Despite recent scientific advances, the global load of bacterial disease remains high and has been established against a backdrop of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a pressing need for highly effective and natural antibacterial agents. In the present work, the antibiofilm effect provided by essential oils was evaluated. Of these, cinnamon oil extract showed potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus at an MBEC of 75.0 µg/mL. It was revealed that benzyl alcohol, 2-propenal-3-phenyl, hexadecenoic acid, and oleic acid were the major components of the tested cinnamon oil extract. In addition, the interaction between the cinnamon oil and colistin showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus. Cinnamon oil that had been combined with colistin was encapsulated by liposomes to enhance the essential oil's chemical stability, demonstrating a particle size of 91.67 nm, a PDI of 0.143, a zeta potential of -0.129 mV, and an MBEC of 50.0 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the morphological changes in the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm that was treated with the encapsulated cinnamon oil extract/colistin. As a natural and safe option, cinnamon oil exhibited satisfactory antibacterial and antibiofilm performance. The application of liposomes further improved the stability of the antibacterial agents and extended the essential oil release profile.

Keywords: antibacterial; antibiofilm; cinnamon oil; colistin; combination study; nanoliposome.

Figure 1

Zeta size (a) and zeta potential (b) of the synthesized nanoliposomes of COE/colistin 5.

Figure 2

TEM images of the synthesized nanoliposomes: COE 5 (a), colistin 5 (b), and COE/colistin 5 (c).

Figure 3

FT-IR analyses of the COE, COE-loaded liposomes (5 mg/mL), colistin-loaded liposomes (5 mg/mL), and COE/colistin-loaded liposomes (5 mg/mL each).

Figure 4

Bacterial lethality curve.

Figure 5

TEM images of S. aureus: control sample (a); sample treated with nano-COE/C (b).

Figure 6

SEM images of S. aureus: control sample (a); biofilm treated with the potent formula, nano-COE/C (b).