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. 2023 Jun 5;28(11):4561.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28114561.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng from Burkina Faso, and Effects against Prostate and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Bagora Bayala  1   2   3   4 , Laetizia Liz Coulibaly  1   2 , Florencia Djigma  1   2 , Julio Bunay  4 , Albert Yonli  2 , Lassina Traore  1   2 , Silvère Baron  4 , Gilles Figueredo  5 , Jacques Simpore  1   2 , Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro  4
Affiliations

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng from Burkina Faso, and Effects against Prostate and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Bagora Bayala et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the essential oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (C. schoenanthus) from Burkina Faso in terms of cytotoxic activity against LNCaP cells, derived from prostate cancer, and HeLa cells, derived from cervical cancer. Antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro. Essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, the major compounds being piperitone (49.9%), δ-2-carene (24.02%), elemol (5.79%) and limonene (4.31%). EO exhibited a poor antioxidant activity, as shown by the inhibition of DPPH radicals (IC50 = 1730 ± 80 µg/mL) and ABTS+. (IC50 = 2890 ± 26.9 µg/mL). Conversely, EO decreased the proliferation of LNCaP and HeLa cells with respective IC50 values of 135.53 ± 5.27 µg/mL and 146.17 ± 11 µg/mL. EO also prevented LNCaP cell migration and led to the arrest of their cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Altogether, this work points out for the first time that EO of C. schoenanthus from Burkina Faso could be an effective natural anticancer agent.

Keywords: Cymbopogon schoenanthus; antimigratory; antioxidant; cancer; cell cycle; cytotoxic; essential oil.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatogram of identified compounds of C. schoenanthus EO. Structures of the three major identified compounds are drawn. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using an alembic/Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h and stored in the bottle at 4 °C. Inset, photograph of Cymbopogon schoenanthus taken by Dr. Bagora BAYALA in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. GPS location: 12°25′29.5″ N and 1°29′14.3″ W.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of C. schoenanthus EO on LNCaP and HeLa cell survivals. LNCaP and HeLa cells were treated 24 h after seeding with various concentration of EO for 72 h. Values are expressed as mean values ± SD. n = 3 independent experiments in sextuplicate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Activity of C. schoenanthus EO on cell migration. (A) Significant picture of scratch cell assay. (B) Relative wound healing area remaining after the incubation with EO at the IC50. Values are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation; n = 3 independent experiments; ***, p < 0.001 values significantly different compared to IC50 of EO after 72 h of induction 0 h.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of C. schoenanthus EO on LNCaP cell cycle. (A) LNCaP cells were incubated with control (DMSO 1/1000) and without EO (0 µg/mL) or with EO (142 or 285 μg/mL) diluted in DMSO for 72 h. Values are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation; n = 3 independent experiments in triplicate; ***, p < 0.001 values significantly different compared to vehicle-treated condition; EO, essential oil. Flow cytometry plots are shown in (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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