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Review
. 2023 May 28;23(11):5136.
doi: 10.3390/s23115136.

Toward an Intelligent Blockchain IoT-Enabled Fish Supply Chain: A Review and Conceptual Framework

Shereen Ismail  1 , Hassan Reza  1 , Khouloud Salameh  2 , Hossein Kashani Zadeh  3 , Fartash Vasefi  4
Affiliations
Review

Toward an Intelligent Blockchain IoT-Enabled Fish Supply Chain: A Review and Conceptual Framework

Shereen Ismail et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The fish industry experiences substantial illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) activities within traditional supply chain systems. Blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) are expected to transform the fish supply chain (SC) by incorporating distributed ledger technology (DLT) to build trustworthy, transparent, decentralized traceability systems that promote secure data sharing and employ IUU prevention and detection methods. We have reviewed current research efforts directed toward incorporating Blockchain in fish SC systems. We have discussed traceability in both traditional and smart SC systems that make use of Blockchain and IoT technologies. We demonstrated the key design considerations in terms of traceability in addition to a quality model to consider when designing smart Blockchain-based SC systems. In addition, we proposed an Intelligent Blockchain IoT-enabled fish SC framework that uses DLT for the trackability and traceability of fish products throughout harvesting, processing, packaging, shipping, and distribution to final delivery. More precisely, the proposed framework should be able to provide valuable and timely information that can be used to track and trace the fish product and verify its authenticity throughout the chain. Unlike other work, we have investigated the benefits of integrating machine learning (ML) into Blockchain IoT-enabled SC systems, focusing the discussion on the role of ML in fish quality, freshness assessment and fraud detection.

Keywords: Blockchain; Internet of Things; anti-fraud; fish supply chain; machine learning; security; traceability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
IoT, Blockchain, and SC integration levels.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Layeredarchitecture of the proposed Blockchain IoT-enabled SC system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Three-tiered IoT layer network architecture.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Essential components of Blockchain ontology.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Proposed system design pattern.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Blockchain-based publish–subscribe architecture.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SafetySpect’s QAT handheld device.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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