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. 2023 May 28;23(11):5155.
doi: 10.3390/s23115155.

Challenges and Limitation Analysis of an IoT-Dependent System for Deployment in Smart Healthcare Using Communication Standards Features

Shrikant Upadhyay  1 , Mohit Kumar  2 , Aditi Upadhyay  3 , Sahil Verma  4 , Kavita  4 , Maninder Kaur  5 , Ruba Abu Khurma  6 , Pedro A Castillo  7
Affiliations

Challenges and Limitation Analysis of an IoT-Dependent System for Deployment in Smart Healthcare Using Communication Standards Features

Shrikant Upadhyay et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The use of IoT technology is rapidly increasing in healthcare development and smart healthcare system for fitness programs, monitoring, data analysis, etc. To improve the efficiency of monitoring, various studies have been conducted in this field to achieve improved precision. The architecture proposed herein is based on IoT integrated with a cloud system in which power absorption and accuracy are major concerns. We discuss and analyze development in this domain to improve the performance of IoT systems related to health care. Standards of communication for IoT data transmission and reception can help to understand the exact power absorption in different devices to achieve improved performance for healthcare development. We also systematically analyze the use of IoT in healthcare systems using cloud features, as well as the performance and limitations of IoT in this field. Furthermore, we discuss the design of an IoT system for efficient monitoring of various healthcare issues in elderly people and limitations of an existing system in terms of resources, power absorption and security when implemented in different devices as per requirements. Blood pressure and heartbeat monitoring in pregnant women are examples of high-intensity applications of NB-IoT (narrowband IoT), technology that supports widespread communication with a very low data cost and minimum processing complexity and battery lifespan. This article also focuses on analysis of the performance of narrowband IoT in terms of delay and throughput using single- and multinode approaches. We performed analysis using the message queuing telemetry transport protocol (MQTTP), which was found to be efficient compared to the limited application protocol (LAP) in sending information from sensors.

Keywords: IoT; cloud; communication standard; healthcare; security; wearable sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Advantages of IoT-dependent health care.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IoT framework for healthcare systems.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proposed IoT-dependent model for healthcare systems.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of scheduling approaches. STF denotes the small-task-first approach, and FAFS denotes the first-arrived, first served approach.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Average throughput for various implementation scenarios for separate nodes and multiple nodes. Separate node (I), in-band; separate node (II), standalone; multiple nodes (I), in-band; multiple nodes (II), standalone.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Patients served per cell (X-axis) for both separate-node and in-band configurations.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Average delay for single-node and multiple-node configurations.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Packet size vs. packet loss (MQTTP).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Sensor nodes vs. packet loss per room (MQTTP).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Throughput of MQTTP and LAP.
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