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Review
. 2023 Dec;39(12):3607-3612.
doi: 10.1007/s00381-023-06016-w. Epub 2023 Jun 10.

Intracranial myeloid sarcoma as the first presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and literature review

Sivaraman Kumarasamy  1 , Kanwaljeet Garg  2 , M C Sharma  3 , P S Chandra  1
Affiliations
Review

Intracranial myeloid sarcoma as the first presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and literature review

Sivaraman Kumarasamy et al. Childs Nerv Syst. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: Intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It can involve the meninges and ependyma presenting as extra-axial mass lesion. Rarely, it can also invade the brain parenchyma. It is commonly seen in children. It is usually misdiagnosed due to its close resemblance to other intracranial tumors (meningioma, metastasis, Ewing's sarcomas, and lymphoma). These are underdiagnosed if they precede the diagnosis of leukemia.

Case report: A 7-year-old boy with isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma who presented with raised intracranial pressure (ICP) which was successfully managed by surgical excision.

Conclusion: Isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of AML. Leukemia can be diagnosed early during the postoperative period and can be started on therapy timely. These patients requires regular follow-ups (clinical, laboratory and radiological) to detect relapses early.

Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Extra-axial; Myeloid sarcoma; Raised ICP.

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