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. 2023 Dec 11;28(12):1020-1033.
doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad161.

Drivers of Emergency Department Use Among Oncology Patients in the Era of Novel Cancer Therapeutics: A Systematic Review

Lauren Fleshner  1   2   3   4 , Andrew Lagree  1   2   3   5 , Audrey Shiner  1   2   3   4 , Marie Angeli Alera  1   2   3 , Mateusz Bielecki  1   2   3 , Robert Grant  6   7 , Alex Kiss  2   8 , Monika K Krzyzanowska  4   6   7   9   8 , Ivy Cheng  2   10   11 , William T Tran  1   2   3   4   5   12 , Sonal Gandhi  2   4   7
Affiliations

Drivers of Emergency Department Use Among Oncology Patients in the Era of Novel Cancer Therapeutics: A Systematic Review

Lauren Fleshner et al. Oncologist. .

Abstract

Background: Patients diagnosed with cancer are frequent users of the emergency department (ED). While many visits are unavoidable, a significant portion may be potentially preventable ED visits (PPEDs). Cancer treatments have greatly advanced, whereby patients may present with unique toxicities from targeted therapies and are often living longer with advanced disease. Prior work focused on patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy, and often excluded those on supportive care alone. Other contributors to ED visits in oncology, such as patient-level variables, are less well-established. Finally, prior studies focused on ED diagnoses to describe trends and did not evaluate PPEDs. An updated systematic review was completed to focus on PPEDs, novel cancer therapies, and patient-level variables, including those on supportive care alone.

Methods: Three online databases were used. Included publications were in English, from 2012-2022, with sample sizes of ≥50, and reported predictors of ED presentation or ED diagnoses in oncology.

Results: 45 studies were included. Six studies highlighted PPEDs with variable definitions. Common reasons for ED visits included pain (66%) or chemotherapy toxicities (69.1%). PPEDs were most frequent amongst breast cancer patients (13.4%) or patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy (20%). Three manuscripts included immunotherapy agents, and only one focused on end-of-life patients.

Conclusion: This updated systematic review highlights variability in oncology ED visits during the last decade. There is limited work on the concept of PPEDs, patient-level variables and patients on supportive care alone. Overall, pain and chemotherapy toxicities remain key drivers of ED visits in cancer patients. Further work is needed in this realm.

Keywords: emergency department utilization; oncology; quality improvement; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

Robert Grant reported a graduate award from Pfizer and a consulting/advisory relationship with AstraZeneca, Eisai, and Incyte. The other authors indicated no financial relationships.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Selection of manuscripts evaluating emergency department visits among oncology patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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