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Review
. 2023 May 29;9(6):e16708.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16708. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis

Kang Yi  1   2   3 , Chengfei Liu  4 , Zhi Xu  2   5 , Jianguo Xu  3 , Xin Dong  2   6 , Xin Zhang  2   7 , Wenxin Wang  2   7 , Jianing Ding  8 , Tao You  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis

Kang Yi et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are one of the mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Because of the high risks of mortality and postoperative complications, a new alternative method is needed. With the development of interventional medicine, transcatheter closure has been increasingly performed for postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defects (PMIVSDs). The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and safety of transcatheter closure of PMIVSDs by meta-analysis.

Methods: The included studies were mainly single-arm studies of transcatheter closure of PMIVSDs. We compared VSD size, device size, preoperative risk factors and interventions among PMIVSD patients. We analysed the transcatheter closure success rate, the 30-day mortality rate, and the incidence of residual shunts.

Results: A total of 12 single-arm articles (284 patients) were included. The combined incidences of preoperative hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes were 66% [95% CI 0.56-0.75], 54% [95% CI 0.40-0.68], and 33% [95% CI] 0.21-0.46], respectively. Multiple studies reported the combined incidences of preoperative PCI, IABP, and CABG, which were 46% [95% CI 0.15-0.80], 60% [95% CI 0.44-0.75], and 8% [95% CI 0.02-0.18]. Eleven studies reported the number of successful closures and the 30-day mortality rate; the success rate was 90% [95% CI 0.86-0.94], and the 30-day mortality rate reached 27% [95% CI 0.86-0.94].

Conclusion: For patients with PMIVSD, transcatheter closure in the acute phase can be used as a rescue measure, while in the chronic phase, it is more effective and has a lower mortality rate, but the effect of selection bias should be considered. Residual shunts are a long-term complication that have a high incidence and long-lasting effects on patients. More large, multicentre, randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to confirm the safety and reliability of transcatheter closure of PMIVSDs.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Interventional technique; Single-arm meta-analysis; Systematic review; Transcatheter occlusion technique; Ventricular septal defect.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Risk of bias graph on this study.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Risk of bias summary on this study.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Search strategy for this study in PubMed.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The combined incidence rates of the number of successful closure.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The combined incidence rates of 30-day mortality.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The combined incidence rates of residual shunts.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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