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Review
. 2023 Jun 5:17:1587-1604.
doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S388289. eCollection 2023.

How Can We Best Diagnose Severity Levels of Dry Eye Disease: Current Perspectives

Thomas Chester  1 , Sumit Sam Garg  2 , Josh Johnston  3   4 , Brandon Ayers  5 , Preeya Gupta  6   7
Affiliations
Review

How Can We Best Diagnose Severity Levels of Dry Eye Disease: Current Perspectives

Thomas Chester et al. Clin Ophthalmol. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition, but the diagnosis relative to other ocular conditions and the evaluation of severity of the condition has often been difficult. This challenge can be due to clinical signs and symptoms not always correlating with each other. An understanding of the various components which create the condition, as well as the diagnostic measures used to evaluate these components, is useful to the clinician working with DED patients. This review paper will discuss traditional diagnostic options, diagnostic imaging, and Advanced Point of Care testing capabilities to determine the severity level of dry eye disease more adequately.

Keywords: POC testing; biomarkers; diagnostic imaging; dry eye disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr Tom Chester reports the following relationships: Allergan – consultant, research; Dompe – consultant; Glaukos – consultant, speaker; Novartis – consultant; Oyster Point – consultant; Sightscience- consultant, speaker, research; Sun – consultant; Tarsus – consultant; Versea – consultant. Dr Sumit (Sam) Garg reports personal fees from Alderya, personal fees from Dompe, personal fees from JJV, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Oyster Point, personal fees from Sight Sciences, personal fees from Tarsus, personal fees from Versea, outside the submitted work. Dr Josh Johnston reports the following relationships: Allergan – consultant, speaker, research; Aldeyra – consultant; Alcon – consultant; Aescula Tech – consultant; Avellino – consultant; Azura – consultant; BioTissue – consultant, speaker; Bruder – consultant; Dompe – consultant; E-Swinn – speaker; Glaukos – consultant, speaker; Horizon Therapeutics – consultant; Johnson & Johnson – spouse works there; LacriSciences – share holder; Sight Sciences – consultant, speaker, research; Sun – consultant, speaker; Tarsus – consultant, researcher; Thea – consultant; Visus – consultant; Quidel – consultant; Zeiss – consultant; Ocuterra – consultant; Oyster Point – speaker, consultant; Orasis – consultant; SeaGen – consultant; Versea Biologics – consultant. Brandon Ayers MD reports the following relationships: Alcon, Allergan, Bausch and Lomb, CorneaGen, Expert Opinion, WL Gore, Glaukos, Rayner, Sight Sciences, Sun Pharma, Tarsus, Trukera, and Carl Zeiss Meditech. Dr Preeya Gupta reports the following relationships: Azura – consultant, stock options; Alcon- consultant, Aldeyra – consultant; Allergan – consultant; Expert Opinion – consultant, stock options; HanAll Biopharma – consultant; J&J Vision – consultant; Kala – consultant; New World Medical – consultant; Novartis – consultant; Ocular Science – consultant; Ocular Therapeutix – consultant; Orasis – consultant, stock options; Oyster Point – consultant; Santen – consultant; Sight Sciences – consultant; Spyglass – consultant, stock options; Surface Ophthalmics – consultant, stock options, Chief Medical Advisor; Sun Pharmaceuticals – consultant; Tarsus – consultant, stock options; Tear Lab – consultant; Tear Clear – consultant, stock options; Tissue Tech, Inc – consultant; Visant – stock options, Visionology – consultant, stock options; Zeiss – consultant. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A and B): Identification and management of aqueous-deficient dry eye. (C and D): Identification and management of evaporative dry eye.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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