Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Jun 5:16:569-575.
doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S407308. eCollection 2023.

Genetic Influence of Fracture Nonunion (FNU): A Systematic Review

Mir Sadat-Ali #  1 , Hussain K Al-Omar #  2 , Khalid W AlTabash #  1 , Ammar K AlOmran #  1 , Dakheel A AlDakheel #  1 , Hasan N AlSayed #  1
Affiliations
Review

Genetic Influence of Fracture Nonunion (FNU): A Systematic Review

Mir Sadat-Ali et al. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. .

Abstract

Purpose: Nonunion of fractures occurs in about 15% of all fractures causing repeated surgical interference and prolonged morbidity. We performed this systematic review to assess genes and polymorphisms influencing fractures' nonunion (FNU).

Methods: We searched between 2000 and July 2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Catalog, and the Science Citation Index, with the keywords nonunion of fractures, genetic influence, and GWAS. The exclusion criteria were review articles and correspondence. The data were retrieved to determine the number of studies, genes, and polymorphisms and the total number of subjects screened.

Results: A total of 79 studies were reported on nonunion of fractures and genetic influence. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies with 4402 patients' data were analyzed. Nine studies were case-controlled, and 1 GWAS. It was identified that patients with polymorphisms in the genes ANXA3, BMP2, CALY, CYR61, FGFR1, IL1β, NOG, NOS2, PDGF gene, and TACR1 are prone to develop a nonunion of fractures.

Conclusion: We believe that for patients who develop an early nonunion of fractures, a genetic study should be conducted for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and genes so that alternative and more aggressive treatment can be performed to heal fractures without prolonged morbidity.

Keywords: fractures; genes; genome wide association study; influence; morbidity; nonunion.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow chart of the review.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. I-Min W, Bisignano C, James SL, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2:e580–92. doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00172-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schlundt C, Bucher CH, Tsitsilonis S, Schell H, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K. Clinical and research approaches to treat non-union fracture. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2001;16:155–168. doi:10.1007/s11914-018-0432-1 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Stewart SK. Fracture Non-Union: a Review of Clinical Challenges and Future Research Needs. Malaysian Orthopaedic J. 2019;13(2):1–10. doi:10.5704/MOJ.1907.001 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mills L, Tsang J, Hopper G, Keenan G, Simpson AHRW. The multifactorial aetiology of fracture nonunion and the importance of searching for latent infection. Bone Joint Res. 2016;5:512–519. doi:10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0138 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mills LA, Aitken SA, Simpson AHRW. The risk of non-union per fracture: current myths and revised figures from a population of over 4 million adults. Acta Orthop. 2017;88(4):434–439. doi:10.1080/17453674.2017.1321351 - DOI - PMC - PubMed