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. 2023 May 25;8(22):19425-19432.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00555. eCollection 2023 Jun 6.

Determination of Exogenous Adrenaline Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Mehmet Altuntaş  1 , Derya Bal Altuntaş  2 , Sema Aslan  3 , Ersin Yılmaz  4 , Ercan Nalbant  1
Affiliations

Determination of Exogenous Adrenaline Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Mehmet Altuntaş et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Core-shell quantum dot ZnS/CdSe screen-printed electrodes were used to electrochemically measure human blood plasma levels of exogenous adrenaline administered to cardiac arrest patients. The electrochemical behavior of adrenaline on the modified electrode surface was investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimal conditions, the linear working ranges of the modified electrode were 0.001-3 μM (DPV) and 0.001-300 μM (EIS). The best limit of detection for this concentration range was 2.79 × 10-8 μM (DPV). The modified electrodes showed good reproducibility, stability, and sensitivity and successfully detected adrenaline levels.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Scanning electron microscopy image of the CSQD-ZnS/CdSe SPE. (B) EDS spectrum of the electrode showing the constituent percentages.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Cyclic voltammetric responses of the (a) bare SPE and (b) CSQD-ZnS/CdSe SPE in 0.1 M KCl and 5 mM Fe(CN)63/4 solutions. (B) Nyquist diagrams of the (a) bare SPE and (b) CSQD-ZnS/CdSe SPE in a 0.1 M KCl-containing 5 mM Fe(CN)63/4 solution. Inset: equivalence circuit; Rs refers to the solution resistance, (RQ)1 and (RQ)2 refer to the phase layer and diffusion process between solution media and CSQD-ZnS/CdSe SPE layers on the electrode surface, −0.4 +0.6 V, 100 mV s–1 scan rate; the frequency range for EIS: 10–1 to 104 Hz. (C) Anodic and cathodic peak currents vs scan rate–1/2 graphic. (D) Log I vs log v graphics for the kinetic behavior enlightenment in a 0.1 M KCl-containing 5 mM Fe(CN)63/4 solution.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bode phase diagrams and circuit summary of the (A) bare SPE and (B) CSQD-ZnS/CdSe SPE.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A) Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) voltammograms of the CSQD-ZnS/CdSe SPE for different concentrations of adrenaline [(a) 3, (b) 1, (c) 0.1, (d) 0.005, (e) 0.003, and (f) 0.001 μM]. (B) Magnification of the lower concentrations. The calibration plots are based upon (C) DPV voltammograms, (D) EIS spectra, and (E) magnification of the lower linear range of adrenaline in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with KCl.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Bar plots and correlation values for the biosensor measurements of adrenaline concentrations from solution.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Relationship between the adrenaline values measured from a healthy person and the biosensor values.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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