Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Oct 3;62(10):3256-3260.
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead291.

AI am a rheumatologist: a practical primer to large language models for rheumatologists

Vincenzo Venerito  1 , Emre Bilgin  2 , Florenzo Iannone  1 , Sedat Kiraz  2
Affiliations
Review

AI am a rheumatologist: a practical primer to large language models for rheumatologists

Vincenzo Venerito et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). .

Abstract

Natural language processing (NLP), a subclass of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs), and its latest applications, such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), ChatGPT, or LLAMA, have recently become one of the most discussed topics. Up to now, artificial intelligence and NLP ultimately impacted several areas, such as finance, economics and diagnostic/scoring systems in healthcare. Another area that artificial intelligence has affected and will continue to affect increasingly is academic life. This narrative review will define NLP, LLMs and their applications, discuss the opportunities and challenges that components of academic society will experience in rheumatology, and discuss the impact of NLP and LLMs in rheumatology healthcare.

Keywords: Natural language processing (NLP); academia; challenges; generative pre-trained transformers (GPT); large language models (LLMs); opportunities; rheumatology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

References

    1. Haug CJ, Drazen JM.. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in clinical medicine, 2023. N Engl J Med 2023;388:1201–8. - PubMed
    1. Venerito V, Angelini O, Cazzato G. et al. A convolutional neural network with transfer learning for automatic discrimination between low and high-grade synovitis: a pilot study. Intern Emerg Med 2021;16:1457–65. - PubMed
    1. Chowdhary KR. Natural language processing. In: Chowdhary KR, ed. Fundamentals of artificial intelligence. New Delhi: Springer India, 2020: 603–49.
    1. Gupta L, Krusche M, Venerito V, Hügle T.. Harnessing the potential of digital rheumatology. Health Policy Technol 2023;12:100730.
    1. OpenAI. GPT-4 Technical Report. 2023. http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774 (12 April 2023, date last accessed).